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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter is anything that has spave and has ...
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anything that take up space and has mass
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atom
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smallest unit of an element
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elements are..
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pure substances
the building blocks of life chemically cannot be broken down consists of one type of atom |
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molecules
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atoms bound together
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atomic mass
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protons+neutrons
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atomic number
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number of protons
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isotopes are same atom with different number of
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same atom with different numbers of neutrons
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radioisotopes
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unstable nucleus
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3 different types of bonds between atoms
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ionic, covalent, hydrogen
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ionic bonds donate...
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donate or accept electrons
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covalent bons have a strong.. and share...
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strong bond, share electrons
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hydrogen bonds have a weak... between __ and ___
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weak bond, between hydrogen and another atom
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3 different covalent bonds
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nonpolar, polar, and hydrogen
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nonpolar- equal sharing of...
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equal sharing of the electrons
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polar- unequal sharing of...
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unequal sharing of the elctrons due to electronegativity difference
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hydrogen- weak...
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weak attraction
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hydrophilic
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loves water
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hydrophobic
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hates water
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solvent
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substance doing the dissolving
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solute
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substance being dissolved
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antioxidants neutralize..
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neutralize free radicals
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acidosis
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when blood becomes too acidic
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alkalosis
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blood pH increase to 7.8
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plasma membrane
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outer covering of all cells
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dna
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contains genetic instuctions
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cytoplasm- region between ___ and ___
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region between the plasma membrane and cytoplasm
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cytosol
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the fluid part of cytoplasm
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prokaryotic cell
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bacteria
dna is not enclosed in a nucleus |
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eukaryotic
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all other cells
organells nucleus |
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cell membrane composed of
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phospholipids as a lipid bilayer
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organells
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organelle with membrane
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structure
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organelles without membrane
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plasma membrane controls the movement of....
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the movement of substrances into and out of cells
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selective permeability
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small non polar substances slip across
oxygen, carbon dioxide |
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nucleus contains
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nuclear envelope
nucleolous nucleoplasm chromatin chromosomes |
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chromatin
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all the dna molecules and their attached proteins
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chromosomes
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the individual dna molecules and their attached proteins
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nuclear envelope
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selectively permeable
two phospholipid bilayers with proteins |
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nucleolous- site where ___ and __ combine to make parts of ribosomes
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site where some proteins and rna combine to make parts of ribosomes
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Terrorist Threat Levels
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Low, Guarded, Moderate, High, Severe
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how many pairs of chromosomes
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23
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protein synthesis occurs in
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the cytoplasm
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fate of the proteins
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used as one
stockpiled leave the cell through the endomembrane system |
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rough ER
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studded with ribosomes
role in protein synthesis and modification |
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smooth ER
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absence of ribosomes
role in lipid synthesis |
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golgi body
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flattened sacs
enzymes in the sacs modify proteins and lipids for cell export |
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vesicles
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patches of the golgi membrane bulge and break off
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lysosome
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buds from the golgi membrane
contains digestive enzyme |
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peroxisomes contain ___ that break down fatty acids and amino acids
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contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids
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cells skeleton consists of
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microtubules
microfilaments intermediate filaments |
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microtubules spatially organize __ of the cell
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spatially organize interior of the cell
flagella and cilia arise from centrioles |
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microfilaments reinforce....
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reinforce parts of the cell
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intermediate filaments
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add strength
anchor filarments of acting and myosin |
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concentration gradient is the difference in the number of __ or __
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difference in the number of molecules or ions of a substance between neighboring regions
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diffusion
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net movement of like substances down a concentration gradient
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passive transport- diffusion of a substance across ___
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diffusion of a substance across a living membrane
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diffusion is faster when..
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the gradient is steep
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electric gradient
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difference in electric charge across a cell membrane
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osmosis
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diffusion of water across a plama membrane
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tonicity
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isotonic-no net water change
hypotonic-water diffuses in hypertonic- water diffuses out |
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facilitate diffusion
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passive transport, no apt needed.
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active transport- ____ is required
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atp needed
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endocytosis- transports molecules....
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transports molecules into the cell
form a veicle phagocytosis |
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exocytosis- transports molecules....
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transports molecules outside the cell
fusion of a vesicle |
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lufts syndrome
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first human disorder related to defective cell organells
weakness, hot, thin with huge appetite |
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friedrichs ataxia- loss of....
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loss of muscle cordonation
weak muscles heat problems |
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metabolism- catabolic and anabolic
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catabolic-reactions release energy
anabolic- reactions require energy |
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atp/adp cycle
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cells use atp constantly
atp must be replaced phosphate bonds store energy |
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cellular respiration- break down of _____, formation of ____. ____ removed
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break down of macromolecules
formation of ATP electron removed |
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gylcolysis
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breakdown of glucose molecules
input of ATP |
