Chapter 2

Front 1

John Smith

Back 1

John Smith was an English explorer who was one of the founders of Jamestown, Virginia.
In April of 1607, Smith and other explorers landed in Virginia and established Jamestown. He was leader of the colony.

Front 2

Jamestown

Back 2

Jamestown was the first successful settlement in North America. In 1607, entrepreneurs of the Virginia Company of London landed in Virginia and established Jamestown under the leadership of John Smith and other explorers.

Front 3

Mercantilism

Back 3

An economic theory that says the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital. Wealth and monetary assets are said to be identical. The theory was the dominant school of thought in Europe from the Renaissance to the early modern period.

Front 4

Navigation Acts

Back 4

The Navigation Acts of 1651-1696 were passed by the English Parliament and were aimed at excluding the Dutch from the profits made by English trade. Only British ships were able to import and export from the colonies. In the colonies, only the British citizens were able to trade. Commodities produced in the colonies could be only exported to British ports.

Front 5

Indentured Servants

Back 5

Adult white persons who were bound to labor for a period of years. During the seventeenth century, most of the laborers in Virginia and Maryland came from England as indentured servants. At the end of their labor period, they became free.

Front 6

The Headright System

Back 6

In 1618, the headright system was introduced in Virginia to solve the labor shortage. Each headright was 50 acres. The colonists already in Virginia were given 2 headrights. New settlers who bought their way to get to the Americas were given 1 headright upon landing.

Front 7

Quakers

Back 7

The movement of Quakers were a way to shake the Lord in England, where they had experienced opposition and persecution. The first Quakers to arrive in Massachusetts came in July of 1656. The founding of Pennsylvania, by William Penn, was to establish a safe place for the Quakers to live and practice their faith.

Front 8

Joint Stock Company

Back 8

A type of corporation or partnership started in the early 1600s. It involves two or more legal persons for profit. Helped create modern day corporations.

Front 9

Prince Henry the Navigator

Back 9

Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal had an interest in exploring the western coast of Africa to build a Christian empire and find gold. His explorers reached Cape Verde. Bartholomeu Dias reached the Southern tip of Africa in 1486. Vasco de Gama was able to get past the tip and reach India in 1497-1498. Pedro Cabral was next to sail to India, but landed in Brazil after being blown off course

Front 10

William Bradford

Back 10

Governor of the Plymouth Plantation
- 1621 persuaded the Council for New England to give them legal permission to live there

Front 11

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 11

An uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony that was led by Nathaniel Bacon; a wealthy planter
It was the first Rebellion in the American Colonies and was a protest against Native American raids on their land

Front 12

Roger Williams

Back 12

He began the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in the 1630s. His colony provided a refuge for religious minorities. The first American proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state.

Front 13

William Penn

Back 13

An English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder and "absolute proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania during the late 17th century and early 1700s. Notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed.

Front 14

Anne Hutchinson

Back 14

She went beyond Bible study to proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons, some, such as antinomianism, offended the colony leadership. in the 17th century. She is a key figure in the study of the development of religious freedom in England's American colonies and the history of women in ministry. The State of Massachusetts honors her with a State House monument calling her a "courageous exponent of civil liberty and religious toleration."

Front 15

King Phillips War

Back 15

A war between the colonists and Metacom's tribe during the late mid-17th century. Native families were destroyed. Families were sent into exile/slavery.

Front 16

Calverts

Back 16

The Calverts envisioned establishing a colony both as a great speculative venture in real estate and as a retreat for English Catholics, many of whom felt oppressed by the Anglican establishment at home. The Calverts founded Maryland in the 17th century.

Front 17

Puritans

Back 17

A group of English speaking protestants in the 16th and 17th century, After the accession of Elizabeth I there was an activist movement in the Church of England.