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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Atomos

One cannot divide matter indefinitely

Law of conservation of mass (Lavoiser)

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

Law of definite composition

In samples of any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportion.

Law of multiple proportions

Atoms of two or more elements may combine in different ratios to produce more than one compound

Daltons atomic theory

1. All elements are composed of tiny (indivisible) particles called atoms.


2. Atoms of the same element are identical, atoms of any different from those of any other element.


3. Atoms of different elements cam physically mix together or chemically combine In simple whole # ratios


4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearanged. Atoms of one element are not changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction

Gay lussac

Measured under the same temperature and pressure the volumes of gazes that reacted with each other

Avaadros number

At the same temperature and pressure equal volumes of different gasses contain the same # of particles

Thomson

Cathode rays

Milliken

Oil drop experiment

Goldstein

Canal rays

Bequerer

Emission by uranium

Rutherford

Gold foil

Chadwick

Neutron

The nuclear atom

Nucleas contains p+ and n0 thus positively charged, most of the atomic mass, small (~100,000 small diameter)


Electrons: small light negatively charged particles surround the Nucleas occupy most of the volume


Isotopes

Atoms with the same # of protons but different # of nuetrons

Atomic #

Z

Mass #

A

Covalent bonds

Bonds form between atoms by the sharing electrons resulting collection of atoms is called a molecule

Ionic bonds

Bonds form due to force of attraction between oppositely charged ions,

Cation

Positive ion losses an electron

Anion

Negative ion gains an electron

Groups

Vertical

Periods

Horizontal

Type 1 binary

1. Cations always 1st and anion 2nd.


2. Cation takes its name from the name of the parent element.


3. The anion is named by taking the root of the element and adding -ide.

Compounds with polyatomic ions

1. Cation is always 1st and anion 2nd.


2. Minatomic cations or anion are names the same as in type 1 and 2 binary.


3.polyatomic ions names are unchanged