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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Atomos |
One cannot divide matter indefinitely |
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Law of conservation of mass (Lavoiser) |
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction |
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Law of definite composition |
In samples of any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportion. |
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Law of multiple proportions |
Atoms of two or more elements may combine in different ratios to produce more than one compound |
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Daltons atomic theory |
1. All elements are composed of tiny (indivisible) particles called atoms. 2. Atoms of the same element are identical, atoms of any different from those of any other element. 3. Atoms of different elements cam physically mix together or chemically combine In simple whole # ratios 4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearanged. Atoms of one element are not changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction |
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Gay lussac |
Measured under the same temperature and pressure the volumes of gazes that reacted with each other |
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Avaadros number |
At the same temperature and pressure equal volumes of different gasses contain the same # of particles |
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Thomson |
Cathode rays |
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Milliken |
Oil drop experiment |
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Goldstein |
Canal rays |
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Bequerer |
Emission by uranium |
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Rutherford |
Gold foil |
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Chadwick |
Neutron |
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The nuclear atom |
Nucleas contains p+ and n0 thus positively charged, most of the atomic mass, small (~100,000 small diameter) Electrons: small light negatively charged particles surround the Nucleas occupy most of the volume |
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Isotopes |
Atoms with the same # of protons but different # of nuetrons |
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Atomic # |
Z |
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Mass # |
A |
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Covalent bonds |
Bonds form between atoms by the sharing electrons resulting collection of atoms is called a molecule |
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Ionic bonds |
Bonds form due to force of attraction between oppositely charged ions, |
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Cation |
Positive ion losses an electron |
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Anion |
Negative ion gains an electron |
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Groups |
Vertical |
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Periods |
Horizontal |
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Type 1 binary |
1. Cations always 1st and anion 2nd. 2. Cation takes its name from the name of the parent element. 3. The anion is named by taking the root of the element and adding -ide. |
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Compounds with polyatomic ions |
1. Cation is always 1st and anion 2nd. 2. Minatomic cations or anion are names the same as in type 1 and 2 binary. 3.polyatomic ions names are unchanged |