Chapter 19 Study Guide

Front 1

Respiration is

Back 1

The entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells

Front 2

Breathing functions to

Back 2

deliver oxygen to cells, where it takes part in the reactions of cellular respiration that liberate energy from nutrient molecules and get rid of carbon dioxide, which maintains the pH of the internal environment

Front 3

Which of the following bones does not house a sinus?

Back 3

zygomatic

Front 4

Which of these laryngeal cartilages is single?

Back 4

cricoid

Front 5

The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the

Back 5

Tension on the vocal cords

Front 6

Arielle is an 8 year old with cystic fibrosis. For 30 minutes each morning and evening, a parent holds her body in various positions and massages and kneads the areas over her lungs to dislodge the abundant, sticky mucus, which Arielle spits into a jar. She also takes medication - an enzyme- that thins the mucus. If she didn't take these measures, the mucus in her lungs would most likely increase her risk of

Back 6

Infection

Front 7

The intensity (volume) of a vocal sound is a result of the

Back 7

Force of air passing over the vocal cords

Front 8

A flashlight placed just below the eyebrow in a darkened room illuminates the

Back 8

Frontal sinus

Front 9

Laryngitis is a potentially dangerous condition because it may

Back 9

Obstruct the airway

Front 10

The procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called

Back 10

bronchoscopy

Front 11

The pharynx functions as a ______, whereas the larynx functions as a ______

Back 11

common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only

Front 12

The trachea

Back 12

Is lined with a ciliated mucous membrane
includes 20 C shaped cartilage rings
is a passageway for air

Front 13

The force that moves air into the lungs during inspiration comes from the

Back 13

Atmospheric pressure

Front 14

The force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the

Back 14

Elastic recoil of tissues and surface tension

Front 15

The volume of air that enters the lungs during forced maximal inspiration is the

Back 15

Inspiratory reserve volume

Front 16

Of the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume?

Back 16

Vital capacity

Front 17

Respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is caused by

Back 17

Lack of surfactant

Front 18

Air entering the potential space of the pleural cavity is called

Back 18

Pneumothorax

Front 19

A simple spirometer cannot measure which of the following air volume?

Back 19

Residual volume

Front 20

The volume of air that enters (or leaves) during a single respiratory cycle is the

Back 20

Tidal volume

Front 21

"I'm going to hold my breath until I turn blue and stop breathing and die and it will be all your fault!" shrieked the 6-year-old at her father. The child was unable to carry out her threat because

Back 21

Increased CO2 and hydrogen ion concentration and decreased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors

Front 22

Baby Timothy suffers from apnea and is hooked up to a monitor to warn his parents when he stops breathing. Timothy's dad snores very loudly. Timothy's condition differs from his father's in that infant apnea is

Back 22

A central problem of respiratory control

Front 23

The ventral part of the medulla oblongata near the origin of the vagus nerve has

Back 23

Central chemoreceptors

Front 24

Referral receptors stimulate the respiratory areas resulting in

Back 24

increased respiratory rate

Front 25

The partial pressure of oxygen that stimulates the respiratory areas is ____ of normal.

Back 25

50%

Front 26

Oxygen plays a minor role in control of normal respiration because

Back 26

deoxygenated venous blood is 75% saturated

Front 27

The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood concentration of

Back 27

Oxygen

Front 28

Carbon dioxide is sometimes added to the air that a patient breathes in order to

Back 28

Increase the rate and depth of breathing

Front 29

Max works out about an hour every day, using aerobic machines at a gym. During his moderate physical exercise, blood concentrations of

Back 29

Oxygen and carbon dioxide remain nearly unchanged

Front 30

The walls of the alveoli are composed of

Back 30

Simple squamous epithelium

Front 31

The respiratory membrane consists of

Back 31

two thicknesses of epithelial cells and basement membranes

Front 32

Alveoli are kept clean by the action of

Back 32

Macrophages

Front 33

In bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the lungs of newborns become inflamed and scarred. Most infants recover, but some die. An experimental treatment cultures stem cells from a newborn's umbilical cord. The stem cells, in a lab dish, give rise to type II cells, which in turn give rise to more type I cells. In this treatment

Back 33

the type II cells secrete surfactant and the type 1 cells from the respiratory membrane

Front 34

Police stop Richard for driving erratically at 3 a.m. and give him a breathalyzer test which he fails miserably because of

Back 34

The thinness of his respiratory membranes

Front 35

The amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin increases when

Back 35

Carbon dioxide concentration increases

Front 36

globin is

Back 36

The protein part of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood

Front 37

A mother and two young children are found passed out in their apartment, where a space heater is on. Emergency medical technician suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, so they give the patients

Back 37

Highly concentrated oxygen and some carbon dioxide

Front 38

Changes in the respiratory system that accompany aging are

Back 38

thickened mucus
slowed swallowing reflex
Cilia become less active or vanish

Front 39

Exposure to secondhand smoke can cause or increase risk of

Back 39

heart disease, lung cancer, and low birth weight

Front 40

Exposure to secondhand smoke increases risk of

Back 40

damage to the smooth endothelial lining of blood vessels
platelet activation
abnormal blood

Front 41

Cancer that originates in the lungs is most likely to begin in

Back 41

Epithelial cells

Front 42

Smokers are more susceptible to respiratory infection because

Back 42

Their respiratory passages lose Cilia, which would otherwise remove bacteria

Front 43

In October 2001 at the site of the World Trade Center in New York City, fires were still burning from the terrorist attacks that had brought down the buildings. The greatest danger to the respiratory system was

Back 43

very small particles of debris

Front 44

A disorder seen in people who work in factories that package buttered popcorn, caused by inhaling organic dust, is

Back 44

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Front 45

During an asthma attack, the patient usually finds it most difficult to

Back 45

Exhale

Front 46

Breathing rate increases during exercise due to

Back 46

-Signals from the cerebral cortex to the respiratory areas when it also signals skeletal muscles to contract
-Stimulation of the respiratory areas by decreasing blood concentration of oxygen and increasing blood concentration of carbon dioxide
-a joint reflex

Front 47

The hypoxia associated with high altitude can cause

Back 47

Vasoconstriction of the pulmonary blood vessels

Front 48

At high altitudes, when capillary pressure becomes too high,

Back 48

Fluid filters out of the blood and collects in the alveoli (pulmonary edema)

Front 49

Pneumonia can be caused by

Back 49

Bacteria, viruses, or fungi

Front 50

Cellular respiration enables cells to harness the energy from oxygen.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 50

false

Front 51

The organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the thorax.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 51

true

Front 52

The pharynx is an enlargement at the top of the trachea that houses the vocal cords.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 52

false

Front 53

The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 53

true

Front 54

The left lung is larger than the right lung and is divided into three lobes.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 54

false

Front 55

The inflation reflex is activated when stretch receptors are stimulated during inspiration.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 55

true

Front 56

A sudden contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed produces a sneeze.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 56

false

Front 57

Ordinary air is about 21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 57

true

Front 58

The greatest amount of carbon dioxide transported in the blood is in the form of dissolved carbon dioxide.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 58

false

Front 59

Oxygen is carried in the blood in the form of bicarbonate ions and is bond to hemoglobin.
TRUE/FALSE

Back 59

false