Chapter 19 Anti Convulsant Drugs

Front 1

Seizures

Back 1

symptoms of abnormality in the nerve cells of the brain.

Front 2

Epilepsy

Back 2

a patient with chronic and reoccurring seizures.

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Generalized Seizures

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affect both hemispheres of the brain

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Partial seizures

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begin in a localized area in one hemisphere of the brain.

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Tonic-Clonic Seizures

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Most Common type of seizures, also called grand mal seizures

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Tonic Phase

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Development of intense muscular contractions that causes the patient to fall to the ground lose consciousness and lie rigid. Usually last 20 to 60 seconds

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Clonic phase

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Manifested by bilaterally symmetrical jerks alternating with relaxation of extremities and then begins

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Status Epilepticus

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Rapidly recurring generalized seizure that does not allow the individual to regain normal function between seizures

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atonic seizure

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drop attack, may me characterized by head dropping, limb dropping, slumping to the ground, sudden loss of muscle tone, but patients remain conscious.

Front 10

Myoclonic seizure

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lightening-like repetitive contractions of the voluntary muscles of the face trunk and extremities.

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Absence (petit mal) Epilepsy

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Most common generalized non convulsive seizure

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Benzodazepines

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Most End in "Pam"
clonazepam
Diazepam and lorazapam
Chlorazepate

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Uses for Anticonvulsant Drugs

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Reduced Frequency of of seizures, and reduced injury from seizure activity. Minimal effects from drug therapy

Front 14

clonazepam uses

Back 14

Useful in the oral treatment of absences, akinetic, and myoclonic seizures in children

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Diazepam and lorazapam

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Must be administered intraveniously to control seizures and are the drug of choice for status epipeptis

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Chlorazepate

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Used with other anti epileptic meds to control partial seizures

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Diazepam

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Administered rectally as a gel, used to prevent breakthrough seizures

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Side Effects of benzodiazapines

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SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, headache, mental depression, slurred speech, ataxia, paradoxical excitation

Front 19

Teaching for Benzodiazapines

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Monitor clients vital signs. Have resuscitation equipment ready. Administer oxygen. Monitor Clients for memory loss. Smoking enhances benzodazepines

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Hydantonin Drugs

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All end in tonin
Ethotonin
Fosphenytoin
phenytonin

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Action of Hydantonins

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Effective against all major forms of epilepsy except absence seizures. Use IV route for status epilepticus. Also an anti dysrythmic

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Side Effects of Hydantonins

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CNS effects, gengival hyperplasia, skin rash, teratogenic, cardiovascular effectsi, nausea, vomiting, indegesion, sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, confusion, and endocrine effects

Front 23

Teaching for Hydantonins

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Monitor for symptoms, and notify provider if symptoms occur. Advise good oral hygeine. Stop Meds if rash develops. Avoid use in pregnancy. Instruct reporting of any changes. Encourage consumption of calcium and vitiman D.

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Uses for Succinimides

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Used to control absence (petit mal) seizures.

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Drug interactions for succinimides

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Drugs that enhance toxic effects: antihistimines, alcohol, analgesics, anestics, tranqualizers, and other anticonvulsants.

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Carbamazepine Actions

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Blocks the reuptake of noripenephrine and decreases these release of noripenephrine, and the rate of dopamine and GABA turnover

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Carbamazepine Uses

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Used for the treatment of partial( simple and complex) seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, bipolar disorder, and trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgias

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Valporic Acid

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ONLY AVAILABLE AGENT THAT CAN BE USED AS A SINGLE DRUG THERAPY Being tested with lithium, for bi polar patients who no longer respond to lithium

Front 29

Actions of Statins

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Reduce Inflammation of Blood Vessels.
Reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke

Front 30

Side Effects of Statins

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May increase liver enzymes, which can lead to liver dysfunction. Also can cause GI Upset

Front 31

Niacin Side Effects

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Causes the release of histamine, which causes skin flushing and vaso dilation.

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Pregnancy Category for Statins

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Category X
Do NOT give during pregnancy.

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Interactions with Statins

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Grapefruit Juice- increases the potency of the drug 25%

Front 34

Most Effective Triglyceride lowering agent

Back 34

Fenofibrates