Chapter 18/19 Vocab Cards

Front 1

Satellite Nations

Back 1

Counties dominated by the Soviet Union.

Front 2

containment

Back 2

a policy in which the U.S couldn’t stop communism, but they could help prevent it

Front 3

Cold War

Back 3

State of hostility, without direct military conflict, developed between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II

Front 4

Truman Doctrine

Back 4

U.S. policy announced by President Harry S. Truman in 1947, of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal opponents

Front 5

Marshall Plan

Back 5

the program proposed by the Secretary of State, George Marshall in 1947, under which the United States supplied economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after World War II.

Front 6

Iron Curtain

Back 6

a phrase used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe an imaginary line that separated communist countries in the Soviet Union, block of Eastern Europe from countries from Western Europe

Front 7

Berlin airlift

Back 7

a 327-day operation in which U.S. and British planes flew food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviets blockaded the city in 1948.

Front 8

NATO

Back 8

(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal joined with the U.S. and Canada on April 4, 1949 to form a defensive military alliance

Front 9

Mao Zedong

Back 9

Communist leader of Northern China who worked to win peasant support.

Front 10

Chiang Kai-Shek

Back 10

A Nationalist leader of Southern and Eastern China. The American government sent his political party approximately $3 billion in aid.

Front 11

Taiwan

Back 11

Chiang and the remnants of his government fled to this island, the Western name for this island was Formosa

Front 12

38th parallel

Back 12

(38 degrees North latitude) As WWII ended the Japanese troops north of 38th parallel, surrendered to the Soviets. Japanese troops south of the 38th parallel surrendered to the U.S.

Front 13

Korean War

Back 13

June 25, 1950 North Korean forces swept across the 38th parallel in a surprise attack on South Korea. The conflict that followed this was the Korean War.

Front 14

NSC-68

Back 14

A policy in which regulated the amount of money the U.S. used to aid countries.

Front 15

HUAC

Back 15

(House of Un-American Activities Committee) an agency that investigated Communist influence in the movie industry. The committee believed that communists were sneaking propaganda into films

Front 16

Hollywood Ten

Back 16

Ten “unfriendly” witnesses were called to testify against the communist filmmakers but refused because they believed these trials were unconstitutional

Front 17

Blacklist

Back 17

list of people whom were condemned for having a communist back round.

Front 18

McCarran Act

Back 18

(McCarran International Security Act) this made it unlawful to plan any action that might lead to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship in the U.S.

Front 19

Alger Hiss

Back 19

a former communist spy named Wittaker Chambers accused Alger of spying for the Soviet Union.

Front 20

Rosenbergs

Back 20

- Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were minor activists in the American Communist Party. The Rosenbergs denied the charges and they were executed June of 1953 for being found guilty of espionage.

Front 21

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Back 21

a Republican from Wisconsin who acquired a reputation for being an ineffective legislator. He said that Communists were taking over the government in order to be re-elected.

Front 22

McCarthyism

Back 22

The attacks on suspected Communists in the early 1950s

Front 23

H-Bomb

Back 23

Scientists created a more destructive thermonuclear weapon, which was the hydrogen bomb

Front 24

Brinksmanship

Back 24

On the edge, under the president, of going into an all-out war.

Front 25

John Foster Dulles

Back 25

a staunchly anti-communist. Who was Secretary of State.

Front 26

Dwight Eisenhower

Back 26

the 34th president of the U.S. and he was the president during Brinksmanship

Front 27

CIA

Back 27

(Central Intelligence Agency) The CIA used spies to gather information abroad. Also began to carry out, convert, or secret operations to weaken or overthrow governments unfriendly to the United States

Front 28

Warsaw Pact

Back 28

linked the Soviet Union with seven Eastern European countries, making a military alliance

Front 29

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 29

believed that communism would take over the world, but it should triumph peacefully. Was the Soviet Union’s leader after Stalin’s death in 1953.

Front 30

Esienhower Doctrine

Back 30

a warning that the United States would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country.

Front 31

Francis Gary Powers

Back 31

a U-2 pilot

Front 32

U-2 Incident

Back 32

An incident to where the U-2 plane was shot down during the CIA’s last secret flight over the Soviet Union territory. The plane was shot down and Francis Gary Powers had to parachute down into Soviet contolled territory. He was captured and sentenced to ten years in prison. Eisenhower denied the spying claims until he realized that there was too much evidencce, so he had to admit the claim was true. He promised to stop spying, in return Khtushchev to call off the summit. He withdrew Eisenhower’s invitation to visit the Soviet Union.

Front 33

GI Bill Of Rights

Back 33

(Servicemen’s Readjustment Act) passed in 1944. This bill encouraged veterans to get an education by paying part of their tuition. The bill also guarenteed them a year’s worth of unemployment beniefits while job hunting. It also offered low interest rates and federally guyarenteed loans. Millions of families used these benefeits to buy homes and farms, or to establish businesses.

Front 34

Levittown

Back 34

rows of standardized homes built on treeless lots located on New York’s Long Island.

Front 35

Suburbs

Back 35

residential communities surrounding cities

Front 36

“The Affluent Society”

Back 36

Americans that prospered in the 1950s economy

Front 37

Taft-Hartley Act

Back 37

this bill overturned many rights won by the unions under the New Deal

Front 38

Presidents Commission On Civil Rights

Back 38

Truman created this and asked Congress for several measures including a federal anti-lynching law, a ban on the poll tax as a voting requirement, and a permanent civil rights commission.

Front 39

Dixiecrats

Back 39

a number of Southern Democrats that formed the States’ Rights Democratic Party, and nominated their own presidential candidate, Governor Strom Thurmond from South Carolina

Front 40

Strom Thurmond

Back 40

presidential candidate in the 1948 Election, the govenor from South Carolina, who was nominated for the 1948 Election by the Dixiecrats

Front 41

Fair Deal

Back 41

an extention of Roosevelt’s New Deal, included proposals for a nationwide system of compulsory health insurance and a crop-subsidy system to provide a steady income for farmers.

Front 42

Checkers Speech

Back 42

an emotional speech to millions of people watching the television set.

Front 43

Brown vs. Board Of Education

Back 43

a fight in which the Supreme Court ruled that public schools must be racially integrated.

Front 44

Conglomerates

Back 44

a major corporation that includes a number of smaller companies in unrelated industries

Front 45

franchise

Back 45

a company that offers similar products or services in many different locations.

Front 46

The Organization Man

Back 46

a book based on a classic 1956 study of Suburban Park, Ilinois, and other communities. That describes how the new, large organizations created “company people.”

Front 47

Baby Boom

Back 47

as soldiers returned from WWII and settled into family life, they contributed to an unprecedented population explosion

Front 48

Dr. Jonas Stalk

Back 48

developed a vaccine for the crippling disease poliomyelitis

Front 49

Interstate Highway System

Back 49

- Local and State governments constructed roads linking to the major cities while connecting schools, shopping centers and workplaces to residential suburbs. The Interstate Highway Act, which President Eisenhower signed in 1956. This authorized the building of a nationwide highway network- 41,000 miles of expressways.

Front 50

Consumerism

Back 50

buying material goods, came to be an aquated with success

Front 51

Planned obsolescence

Back 51

a marketing strategy to encourage consumers to purchase more goods, manufactures purposely designed products to become obsolete, to wear out and become outdated in a small period of time.

Front 52

Mass media

Back 52

means of communication that reaches large audiences- television developed with lightning speed.

Front 53

FCC

Back 53

(Federal Communications Commission) the government agency that regulates and licences television, telephone, telegraph, radio, and other communications, industries had allowed 500 new stations to broadcast

Front 54

Beat movement

Back 54

expressed the social and literary nonconformity of artists, poets, and writers.

Front 55

Jack Kerouac

Back 55

wrote the book “On The Road” in 1957, this sold for over 500,000 copies. This novel describes a nomadic search across America for authentic experiences, people, and values.

Front 56

Rock ‘n’ roll

Back 56

a type of music that is both black and white. Which was new music that grew out of rhythm and blues, country and pop

Front 57

White flight

Back 57

millions of middle-class white Americans left the cities for the suburbs, taking with them precious economic resources and isolating themselves from other races and classes.

Front 58

Urban Renewal

Back 58

this act called for tearing down rundown neighborhoods and constructing low-income housing.

Front 59

HUD

Back 59

(Housing and Urban Development) aided in improving conditions in the inner cities

Front 60

Braceros

Back 60

or hired hands, that were allowed into the United States to harvest crops

Front 61

Indian Reorganization Act

Back 61

1934, moved the official policy away from assimilation and towards Native American autonomy.