Chapter 18 Review Questions

Front 1

What were common occurrences in the process of industrialization wherever it took place?

Back 1

Unprecedented urbanization, growing middle and working classes

Front 2

How was the Industrial Revolution a global phenomenon?

Back 2

Even regions of the world that failed to industrialize were impacted by industrialization

Front 3

What is the chief reason why Europe industrialized first

Back 3

European rulers fostered usually close alliances with their merchant classes.

Front 4

In Britain, what social classes benefited the least from the Industrial Revolution?

Back 4

The laboring classes

Front 5

How did the American British working class movement less overtly revolutionary than its Russian counterpart?

Back 5

-The US government played an important role in industrialization.
-Ideas of socialism, and especially Marxism did not appeal to American workers nearly as much as British workers.
-Wages and living standards for workers were generally higher in America than in Britain.
- tax breaks, land grants, and favorable legislation, fostered the increase of a very large business enterprises in the United States while family business is still predominated in Britain.

Front 6

Why did Marxism fail to take root in the United States?

Back 6

Higher standards of living by Americans compared to the European counterparts

Front 7

What factors in Britain limited the influence of Marx's ideas there?

Back 7

-They had a working class party that rejected the major ideas of Marxism.
- by the time the Marx's idea became widely known, the British working class movement was not overtly revolutionary.
- material: condition improved for the working class in the second half of the 19th century.
- as English mill workers gradually gained the right to vote, politicians were motivated to legislate in their favor.

Front 8

How did industrialization in Russia differ from British industrialization?

Back 8

Russia was more state directed than in Britain.

Front 9

What was the most profound change in the social structure of Latin America after independence?

Back 9

The abolishment of slavery.

Front 10

What were some of the features of "dependent development" in Latin America?

Back 10

Plantation production of export commodities.
And emphasis on exports to industrializing countries.
A reliance on a foreign capital.

Front 11

How did Latin America diverge from Europe during the 19th century?

Back 11

There was only a limited market for manufactured goods developed in Latin America.

Front 12

What problems emerged in Latin America following the revolutions that secure the region's political independence?

Back 12

- A number of international wars in the post independence century shook the new nations of Latin America.
- political life within these new countries this turbulent and unstable.
- well the economies of Latin America grew, they were largely financed by foreign capital and were heavily dependent on exports to the industrialized countries.