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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immunization |
Process of inducing immunity |
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What has the greatest impact on human health of all medical procedures? |
Immunizations |
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In what two ways can immunity be acquired? |
Naturally or artificially |
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Two types of immunity |
Active Passive |
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Active immunity |
Follows antigen exposure |
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Natural active immunity results from what? |
Infection |
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Artificial active immunity results from what? |
Immunizations |
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Passive immunity |
Antibodies from other |
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Natural passive immunity |
During pregnancy, mother's IgG antibodies cross plecenta; breast milk contains Secretary IgA No memory. Protection lost once antibodies degrade |
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Artificial passive immunity |
Injection of antiserum, which contains antibodies. |
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Vaccine |
Preparation of pathogen or its products |
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What is a vaccine used for? |
1. To induce active immunity 2. Protect individual 3. Prevent spread in population |
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Herd immunity |
Develops when critical portion of population is immune to disease; infectious agent unable to spread due to insufficient susceptible hosts. |
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Two general categories of vaccines |
Attenuated Inactivated |
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Attenuated vaccine |
Elicits stronger immune response, but can sometimes cause disease
Replicates in recipient; disease undetectable or mild |
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Advantages of attenuated vaccines |
Single dose usually induces long-lasting immunity due to microbe multiplying in body |
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Disadvantages of attenuated vaccines |
Can sometimes cause disease in immunosuppressed individuals |
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Inactivated vaccine |
Elicits weaker immune response, but cannot cause infections Unable to replicate |
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Advantages of inactivated vaccines |
Cannot cause infections or revert to pathogenic forms |
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Disadvantages of inactivated vaccines |
No replication, so no amplification; immune response is limited |
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Polio virus |
Three types Infects throat and intestinal tract, invades blood Can invade nerve cells and cause disease. |
