Chapter 18- Earth Science

Front 1

Electromagnetic radiation

Back 1

Energy in the form of waves that have both electrical and magnetic properties.

Front 2

Reflection

Back 2

Electromagnetic radiation bouncing from a surface

Front 3

Albedo

Back 3

The fraction of incident (solar) radiation that is reflected by a surface.

Front 4

Greatest to least albedo

Back 4

Glaciers/snow

Grass

Cities

Forests

Oceans

Front 5

Why is the sky blue?

Back 5

Short blue wavelengths are scattered more than other wavelengths (of color) of light by oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.

Front 6

Absorption

Back 6

Energy conversion process whereby some of the radiation striking the surface of an object is converted and re-emitted, mainly as heat.

Front 7

Earth's atmosphere reflects/scatters ____ % of solar radiation?

Back 7

31%

Front 8

Of the 69% of solar radiation not reflected/scattered by the earth:

Back 8

19% absorbed by clouds/atmosphere

3% " " the Earth

47% is reflected from the earth's surface.

Front 9

3% of the solar radiation is reflected from the earth's surface as____?

Back 9

Infrared radiation

Front 10

The greenhouse effect

Back 10

The heating of earth's surface and lower atmosphere by strong absorption and emission of infrared radiation.

Front 11

Temperature

Back 11

Proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules of a substance.

Front 12

Heat

Back 12

Measure of total energy in a sample.

Front 13

Conduction

Back 13

The transfer of heat by direct physical contact.

Front 14

Convection

Back 14

The transfer of heat by the motion of a fluid medium (liquid/gasses).

Front 15

Convection in the atmosphere is due to differences in ____ ?

Back 15

Air density

Front 16

Phase change

Back 16

Change from solid to liquid, liquid to gas.

Front 17

Latent heating

Back 17

The transport of heat from one location to another as a consequence of changes in the phase of water.

Front 18

Weather

Back 18

The direct response of unequal rates of radiational heating and cooling within the earth-atmosphere system.

Front 19

Imbalances in rates of radiational heating and cooling from one place to another produce temperature gradients, and the atmosphere _____ to redistribute heat.

Back 19

Circulates

Front 20

The earth has ____ because it's rotational axis is tilted at ____ degrees.

Back 20

Seasons

23.5

Front 21

Isotherms

Back 21

Map contours connecting areas of the same temperature.

Front 22

How do clouds affect temperature?

Back 22

They intercept light energy.

-cook during the day by blocking sun.

-warm at night by trapping ground emitted heat.