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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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taxonomy
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discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name.
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bionomial nomenclature
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classification system in which each species is assigned a 2 part scientific name.
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genus
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group of closely related species, and the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature.
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taxon
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group or level of organization into which organisms are classified.
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family
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group of genera that share many characteristics.
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class
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group of similar orders.
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order
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group of similar families.
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phylum
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group of closely related classes.
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kingdom
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large taxonomic group, consisting of closely related phyla.
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phylogeny
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the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.
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evolutionary classification
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method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history.
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derived character
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characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members.
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cladogram
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diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.
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molecular clock
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model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently.
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domain
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most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom.
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Bacteria
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domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans.
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Eubacteria
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kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan.
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Archaea
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domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan.
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Archaebacteria
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kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.
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Eukarya
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domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals.
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Protista
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kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.
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Fungi
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kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter.
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Plantae
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kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose.
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Animalia
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kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls.
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