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106 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

The size of a human heart is like

The size of a loose closed fist

The heart is located behind ___ to ____ rib

2nd to 6th

Where should the stethescope be placed to get the apex beat of the heart?

On the 6th rib

The size of the heart is around 1/___ of an adult body weight

1/300

Male heart average weight in grams

310 grams

average female heart weight in grams

225 grams

True or false the shape of an adult human heart is influenced by the shape of the body

True

the mesurements of the heart are ___ cm in length, __ cm in width, and ___cm deep

12 cm length, 9 cm width, 6 cm deep

The covering sac around the heart is called the

pericardium

the covering layer on the heart is the

epicardium

the small space between covering layers filled with fluid is the ______ space

Pericardial

The fluid is known as ______________

Pericardial fluid

The pericarial sac with a smooth lubricated surface has what special function

to reduce friction


The 3 layers of the heart wall are the

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

The upper chambers of the heart are called the

Atrium

The lower chambers of the heart are called

Ventricles

The heart wall between the right and left chambers is calledthe

Septum

The atriums are always _____ blood from the body

Recieving

True or false the atrium have thick walls to squeeze blood hard

False

What is an auricle

Covering on top of Atrium

The ventricles are called ________Chambers so the walls are _____ than that of the atriums

Pumping, Thicker

Is right or left Ventricle wall thicker

Left

there are ___ valves in the heart

4

The valves between the atrium and the ventricles are called ____________ or ____ valves

atrioventricular, cuspid

the valves not between the ventricles and atrium are callled

semi lunar

Why are there valves between atriums and ventricles

because blood should never go backwards

The right AV valve has ___ flaps so it is called ____

3, Tricuspid

The left av valve has __ flaps so it is called the _________ valve

2, bicuspid

semi lunar valves prevent blood flowing backward into the

ventricles

true or false the heart has a type of skeleton structure

TrUe

most of the blood supply goes to which ventricle

Left

right coronary artery is domonant in___% of people

50%

0the left coronary artery is dominant in ___% of peeople

20%

Why is a blood clot in the coronary arteries so dangerious

There are no extra artery/vein branches for blood to detour so a blockage will cut off oxygen to the heart muscle

what is a myocardial infarction

Heart attack (lack of oxygen to heart muscles/ death of muscle cells)

true or false new coronary vessles can develop over time of others are damadged

True

Location of the Sineatrial node (s.a. node)

R. Atrium wall near opening of the vena cava

Atrioventricuar node (A.v. node)

Near r atrium near middle of septum

Atrioventricular bundle

At the bottom of the middle septum

Purkinje fibers

lateral wall of ventrilces extension of a.v. bundle

True or false both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves end into heart tissue

true

The 3 kinds of blood vessels are

Arteries, veins, capillaries

Smaller arteries are called

Arterioles

smaller veins are called

Venules

an artery carries __________ blood _________ the heart

Oxygenated, away from

a vein carries ________ blood __________ the heart

Deoxygenated, toward

Caoillaries carry blood from where to where

lil arteries to lil veins

Veins and arteries are made up of __ layers

3 layers

1st layer name

Tunica Adventita

1st layer made of

strong flexible fiberious connnective tissue

1st layer function

holds vessles open, prevents tearing, won't collapse

2nd layer name

Tunica Media

2nd layer made of

smooth muscle tussue with elastic connective tissue

2nd laayer function

permits change in diameter, arteries have thicker layer

3rd layer name

tunica intimata

3rd layer made of

Endothelium continious with heart endocardium (woven in)

3rd layer function

forms valves in veins capilllaries only has this layer

True or false the capillaries are more important than veins and arteries

TRUH

The total length of capillaries in the body is around _______ miles

62,000 miles of capillaries

one cubic centimeter of muscle contains _________ capillaries

100,000

describe how blood flows through capillaries

it goes really slowly so gases and nutrients can be exchanged for a long period of contact between blood and tissue

define microcirculation

flow of blood through the capillaries

what is the name of the vessels in between arteries and capillaries in size


arterioles

what to pre capillary sphyincters do

regulatory valves reducing or increasing bllood flow

what is the most unique thing about veins

ability to stretch to allow for more blood flow


blood flow to all parts of the body except the luncs is called

systemic

blood flow to the llungs is called

pulmonary circulation

true or false veins and arteries are often located close to a bone

true

superficial veins are

superficial dummy

what body organs pour blood through their veins into the liver first

spleen, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines


route of a blood through a secondary organ is known as a what circulatory route

Portal

name 2 good things that happen whan blood is run through the liver before going to the heart

1. removes excesss glucose just up from intestines


2. removed toxins before blood goes systemic

what is the main difference between mommy and fetus circulation

fetal blood gets all of it;s stuff from mom's blood instead of from it's own intestines and lungs

what 2 things are bypassed on a fetus

lungs and intestines

what 3 changes occur ina a new infant's circulation when it's freshly out of womb

1. umbilibal arteries stop functioning/ placenta sheds


2. vein that by passes liver opens up


3/ foramen ovale closes so no blood goes through the lungs


if the pericardium becomes inflamed this is called

pericarditis

pericarditis is caused by

traums, infection, trauma, and other factors

symptoms of pericarditis

1. severe chest pain


2. fluid fills space around heart affect pumping


3.breathing pain/ difficulty


4. restless


how would a doctor treat pericarditis

drain fluid around the heart, antibiotic, asprin

results of having bad valves

1. ineffective pumping


2. lets blood flow backwards


3. slows blood flow



what heart disease is caused by untreated strep throat

rheumatic fever

MVP disease effects which valves

bicuspid, mitral

TRue oR False MVP can be genetic

TrauE


what is aortic regurgitation

when blood go backwards. overload ventricle grows bigger

if valves are damadged what can be done

swine or synthetic can be put in

if oxygen doesnt get by a clot a MI occurs aka

myocardial infarction, heart attack

True or False people can recover from a heart attack

True

what is atherosclereosis

build up of plaque in the veins, hardning of the arteries, lipieds, fats build up and calcify

what are three risk factors in lifestyle that can cause atherosclerosis

smoking


high fat diet


high blood pressure

The severe chest pain that comes with heart attacks is called

angina pectoris

what surgery is done if the arteries are blocked

bypass, stent, angioplasty

congestive heart failure usuallly occurs where on which side of the heart

ventricle, left


main problem with heart transplants

rejection of the heart <3

when blood flow is reduced describe ischemia, necrosis and gangrine

ischemia is gradual cell death, necrosis is complete tissue death, gangrine is tissue decay

4 ways to treat arteriosclerosis

1. drugs, cause arteries to widen,


2. angioplasty, baloon inflated to knock plaque


3. stents hold arteries open some medicated


4. bypass surgery

what is an anyurism and why is it so dangerious

clot in the heart, dangerious because it canburst at any time and the person will exsanguinate internally

an aneurysm in the brain is called

a stroke

tell about vericose veins, how and where

blood pools in enlarged veins and slows. superficial veins in the legs

how to fix vericose veins

supposet stockings, surgical removal of the veins

pulmonary embolism what is

blood clot that moves, embolus, lodges in the lungs

antocoagulants

prevent clot from forming, thins blood


beta adrenergic blockers

redice strength and frequency of heart beats

calcium cahnnel blockers

reduce heart contractions

digitalis

slows and increases strength of cardiac contractions

nitroglycerin

dilates coronary blood vessels improves oxygen and blood supply

tissue plasminogen activator

helps dissolve clots