Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The size of a human heart is like |
The size of a loose closed fist |
|
The heart is located behind ___ to ____ rib |
2nd to 6th |
|
Where should the stethescope be placed to get the apex beat of the heart? |
On the 6th rib |
|
The size of the heart is around 1/___ of an adult body weight |
1/300 |
|
Male heart average weight in grams |
310 grams |
|
average female heart weight in grams |
225 grams |
|
True or false the shape of an adult human heart is influenced by the shape of the body |
True |
|
the mesurements of the heart are ___ cm in length, __ cm in width, and ___cm deep |
12 cm length, 9 cm width, 6 cm deep |
|
The covering sac around the heart is called the |
pericardium |
|
the covering layer on the heart is the |
epicardium |
|
the small space between covering layers filled with fluid is the ______ space |
Pericardial |
|
The fluid is known as ______________ |
Pericardial fluid |
|
The pericarial sac with a smooth lubricated surface has what special function |
to reduce friction
|
|
The 3 layers of the heart wall are the |
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
|
The upper chambers of the heart are called the |
Atrium |
|
The lower chambers of the heart are called |
Ventricles |
|
The heart wall between the right and left chambers is calledthe |
Septum |
|
The atriums are always _____ blood from the body |
Recieving |
|
True or false the atrium have thick walls to squeeze blood hard |
False |
|
What is an auricle |
Covering on top of Atrium |
|
The ventricles are called ________Chambers so the walls are _____ than that of the atriums |
Pumping, Thicker |
|
Is right or left Ventricle wall thicker |
Left |
|
there are ___ valves in the heart |
4 |
|
The valves between the atrium and the ventricles are called ____________ or ____ valves |
atrioventricular, cuspid |
|
the valves not between the ventricles and atrium are callled |
semi lunar |
|
Why are there valves between atriums and ventricles |
because blood should never go backwards |
|
The right AV valve has ___ flaps so it is called ____ |
3, Tricuspid |
|
The left av valve has __ flaps so it is called the _________ valve |
2, bicuspid |
|
semi lunar valves prevent blood flowing backward into the |
ventricles |
|
true or false the heart has a type of skeleton structure |
TrUe |
|
most of the blood supply goes to which ventricle |
Left |
|
right coronary artery is domonant in___% of people |
50% |
|
0the left coronary artery is dominant in ___% of peeople |
20% |
|
Why is a blood clot in the coronary arteries so dangerious |
There are no extra artery/vein branches for blood to detour so a blockage will cut off oxygen to the heart muscle |
|
what is a myocardial infarction |
Heart attack (lack of oxygen to heart muscles/ death of muscle cells) |
|
true or false new coronary vessles can develop over time of others are damadged |
True |
|
Location of the Sineatrial node (s.a. node) |
R. Atrium wall near opening of the vena cava |
|
Atrioventricuar node (A.v. node) |
Near r atrium near middle of septum |
|
Atrioventricular bundle |
At the bottom of the middle septum |
|
Purkinje fibers |
lateral wall of ventrilces extension of a.v. bundle |
|
True or false both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves end into heart tissue |
true |
|
The 3 kinds of blood vessels are |
Arteries, veins, capillaries |
|
Smaller arteries are called |
Arterioles |
|
smaller veins are called |
Venules |
|
an artery carries __________ blood _________ the heart |
Oxygenated, away from |
|
a vein carries ________ blood __________ the heart |
Deoxygenated, toward |
|
Caoillaries carry blood from where to where |
lil arteries to lil veins |
|
Veins and arteries are made up of __ layers |
3 layers |
|
1st layer name |
Tunica Adventita |
|
1st layer made of |
strong flexible fiberious connnective tissue |
|
1st layer function |
holds vessles open, prevents tearing, won't collapse |
|
2nd layer name |
Tunica Media |
|
2nd layer made of |
smooth muscle tussue with elastic connective tissue |
|
2nd laayer function |
permits change in diameter, arteries have thicker layer |
|
3rd layer name |
tunica intimata |
|
3rd layer made of |
Endothelium continious with heart endocardium (woven in) |
|
3rd layer function |
forms valves in veins capilllaries only has this layer |
|
True or false the capillaries are more important than veins and arteries |
TRUH |
|
The total length of capillaries in the body is around _______ miles |
62,000 miles of capillaries |
|
one cubic centimeter of muscle contains _________ capillaries |
100,000 |
|
describe how blood flows through capillaries |
it goes really slowly so gases and nutrients can be exchanged for a long period of contact between blood and tissue |
|
define microcirculation |
flow of blood through the capillaries |
|
what is the name of the vessels in between arteries and capillaries in size
|
arterioles |
|
what to pre capillary sphyincters do |
regulatory valves reducing or increasing bllood flow |
|
what is the most unique thing about veins |
ability to stretch to allow for more blood flow
|
|
blood flow to all parts of the body except the luncs is called |
systemic |
|
blood flow to the llungs is called |
pulmonary circulation |
|
true or false veins and arteries are often located close to a bone |
true |
|
superficial veins are |
superficial dummy |
|
what body organs pour blood through their veins into the liver first |
spleen, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines
|
|
route of a blood through a secondary organ is known as a what circulatory route |
Portal |
|
name 2 good things that happen whan blood is run through the liver before going to the heart |
1. removes excesss glucose just up from intestines 2. removed toxins before blood goes systemic |
|
what is the main difference between mommy and fetus circulation |
fetal blood gets all of it;s stuff from mom's blood instead of from it's own intestines and lungs |
|
what 2 things are bypassed on a fetus |
lungs and intestines |
|
what 3 changes occur ina a new infant's circulation when it's freshly out of womb |
1. umbilibal arteries stop functioning/ placenta sheds 2. vein that by passes liver opens up 3/ foramen ovale closes so no blood goes through the lungs
|
|
if the pericardium becomes inflamed this is called |
pericarditis |
|
pericarditis is caused by |
traums, infection, trauma, and other factors |
|
symptoms of pericarditis |
1. severe chest pain 2. fluid fills space around heart affect pumping 3.breathing pain/ difficulty 4. restless
|
|
how would a doctor treat pericarditis |
drain fluid around the heart, antibiotic, asprin |
|
results of having bad valves |
1. ineffective pumping 2. lets blood flow backwards 3. slows blood flow
|
|
what heart disease is caused by untreated strep throat |
rheumatic fever |
|
MVP disease effects which valves |
bicuspid, mitral |
|
TRue oR False MVP can be genetic |
TrauE
|
|
what is aortic regurgitation |
when blood go backwards. overload ventricle grows bigger |
|
if valves are damadged what can be done |
swine or synthetic can be put in |
|
if oxygen doesnt get by a clot a MI occurs aka |
myocardial infarction, heart attack |
|
True or False people can recover from a heart attack |
True |
|
what is atherosclereosis |
build up of plaque in the veins, hardning of the arteries, lipieds, fats build up and calcify |
|
what are three risk factors in lifestyle that can cause atherosclerosis |
smoking high fat diet high blood pressure |
|
The severe chest pain that comes with heart attacks is called |
angina pectoris |
|
what surgery is done if the arteries are blocked |
bypass, stent, angioplasty |
|
congestive heart failure usuallly occurs where on which side of the heart |
ventricle, left
|
|
main problem with heart transplants |
rejection of the heart <3 |
|
when blood flow is reduced describe ischemia, necrosis and gangrine |
ischemia is gradual cell death, necrosis is complete tissue death, gangrine is tissue decay |
|
4 ways to treat arteriosclerosis |
1. drugs, cause arteries to widen, 2. angioplasty, baloon inflated to knock plaque 3. stents hold arteries open some medicated 4. bypass surgery |
|
what is an anyurism and why is it so dangerious |
clot in the heart, dangerious because it canburst at any time and the person will exsanguinate internally |
|
an aneurysm in the brain is called |
a stroke |
|
tell about vericose veins, how and where |
blood pools in enlarged veins and slows. superficial veins in the legs |
|
how to fix vericose veins |
supposet stockings, surgical removal of the veins |
|
pulmonary embolism what is |
blood clot that moves, embolus, lodges in the lungs |
|
antocoagulants |
prevent clot from forming, thins blood
|
|
beta adrenergic blockers |
redice strength and frequency of heart beats |
|
calcium cahnnel blockers |
reduce heart contractions |
|
digitalis |
slows and increases strength of cardiac contractions |
|
nitroglycerin |
dilates coronary blood vessels improves oxygen and blood supply |
|
tissue plasminogen activator |
helps dissolve clots |