Chapter 18 Amsco

Front 1

Columbian Exposition

Back 1

Held in Chicago in 1893. It was held at the White City, a fairground, showed the progress of American civilization through new industrial technologies and the ideal urban environment.

Front 2

"old" immigrants

Back 2

Immigrants from northern and western Europe, British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia. Majority were Protestants but a few were Catholic. They had an easier time assimulating into American society.

Front 3

"new" immigrants

Back 3

Immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe, Italians, Greeks, Croats, Slovaks, Poles, and Russians. Many were Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Jewish. They lived in poor crowded urban neighborhoods and had a harder time fitting into American society.

Front 4

Statue of Liberty

Back 4

Built by Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi and given to the US from France. Placed in New York Harbor as a immigrant welcoming statue.

Front 5

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Back 5

Banned all new Chinese immigrants and that led to the ban of "undesirable" immigrants.

Front 6

Ellis Island

Back 6

In 1892 it became the center of immigration. Immigrants had to pass medical exams, documentation exams and pay a tax.

Front 7

contract labor law

Back 7

Probibited contract labor to protect American workers (1885).

Front 8

American Protective Association

Back 8

nativist society that was prejudice against Roman Catholics

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urbanization

Back 9

Developed with industrialization because cities provided a labor force for factories and market for factory produced goods. Population shift to cities was both immigrants and Americans.

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streetcar cities

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Horse-drawn streetcars turned into electric trolleys, elevated railroads, and subways to transport residents around and into the city. Helped growth of cities become possible.

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mass transportation

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Caused segregation of city workers by income. Middle and upper classes moved to suburbs and used mass transportation and lowerclass stayed in city.

Front 12

skyscrapers

Back 12

First skyscraper with steel skeleton built by William Le Baron Jenny in 1885, Home Insurance Company Building in Chigaco. Otis elevator and central steam-heating systems made skyscrapers possible

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ethnic neighborhood

Back 13

Immigrants formed distinct neighborhoods where they could keep their language, culture, and religion.

Front 14

ghettos

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Overcrowded, unhealthy and crime filled city neighborhoods.

Front 15

tenements

Back 15

Inner-city housing that had many small and most of the time windowless rooms. Over 4,000 people could fit into one block

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suburbs

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Frederick Law Olmstead designed a surburban community in 1860's. Single family homes outside of city. The middle and upper class lived in suburbs

Front 17

Frederic Law Olmsted

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Created a surburban community that had curved roads and open spaces

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political machine

Back 18

Tightly organized groups of politicians

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party boss

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Top politician of each machine. Gave orders and gave government jobs to loyal supporters

Front 20

Henry George, Progress and Poverty

Back 20

San Fransico jounalist. Book proposed placing a land tax to solve poverty. Book critically looked at the effects of laissez-faire economics

Front 21

Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward

Back 21

Written in 1888 about a future era where poverty, greed, and crime where eliminated.

Front 22

settlement house

Back 22

Young, idealistic, well-educated middle class women and men lived in immigrant neighborhoods in settlement houses to provide social services.

Front 23

Jane Addams

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Started Hull House, a settlement house, in 1889 in Chicago. Most famous one

Front 24

Social Gospel Movement

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Importance of applying Christian principles to social problems. Movement led by Walter Rauschenbursch.

Front 25

Walter Rauschenbursch

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Led Social Gospel Movement. Worked in Hell's Kitchen and wrote books for organized religions to take up social justice

Front 26

Dwight Moody

Back 26

Helped generations of urban evangelists to change traditional Christianity to fit in city life. Founded Moody Bible Institute in Chicago in 1889

Front 27

Salvation Army

Back 27

Provided basic necesities for homeless and poor and preached Christian gospel

Front 28

Mary Baker Eddy

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Founded Christian Science Church,good health was the result of correct thinking about "Father Mother God"

Front 29

National American Women's Suffrage Association

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Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony for the women's right to vote

Front 30

Women'ts Christian Temperance Union

Back 30

Formed in 1874 that advocated total abstinence from alcohol.

Front 31

Francis E. Willard

Back 31

led the Women's Temperance Union

Front 32

Antisaloon League

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Founded in 1893 and was a powerful political force to persuade states to shut down bars and saloons

Front 33

Carry A. Nation

Back 33

Raided saloons and smashed barrels of beer with a hatched.

Front 34

Anthony Comstock

Back 34

Formed the Society of Suppression of Vice to protect American Morals

Front 35

Charles W. Eliot

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President of Harvard. Reduced number of required course and introduced electives to accommodate the teaching of languages and science

Front 36

Johns Hopkins University

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Founded in Baltimore in 1876. First American university to specialize in graudate studies

Front 37

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Back 37

Thought law should change with time to accommodate changing needs and not be restricted by precedents.

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Lester F. Ward

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Leading sociologsist

Front 39

Clarence Darrow

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Argued criminal behavior can be caused by poverty, neglect, and abuse

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W.E.B. DuBois

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First African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard. Studied crime in urban neighborhoods. African American full equal rights activist

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Bret Harte

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Regionalist writer that wrote about mining camps out west.

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Mark Twain

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Real name is Samuel L. Clemens. First great realist author. Showed greed, violence, and racism in American society in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

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William Dean Howells

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Realist that wrote about the problems of industralization and unequal wealth.

Front 44

Stephen Crane

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Naturalist tha wrote about how a brutal urban environment destroyed the lives of young people.

Front 45

Jack London

Back 45

California writer and adventurer, wrote about conflicts between nature and civilization

Front 46

Theodore Dreiser

Back 46

Shocked the moral sensibilities with Sister Carrie.

Front 47

Winslow Homer

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Painted scenes of nature

Front 48

Thomas Eakins

Back 48

Painted everday lives of the working class

Front 49

James McNeill Whistler

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Influenced modern art with study of color rather than subject in Arrangement in Grey and Black

Front 50

Mary Cassatt

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Portrait painter that used impressionism techniques with her use of pastels.

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Ashcan School

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group of painters that painted scenes of everyday life in poor urban

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Henry Hobson Richardson

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Architect that used Romanesque style of massive stone walles and rounded arches. changed direction of American architecture

Front 53

Louis Sullivan

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Rejected historic styles and wanted a style with tall, steel framed office buildings

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Chicago School

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School of achitecture

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Frank Lloyd Wright

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Employee of Louis Sullivan that developed an organic style of achitecture.

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Daniel Burnham

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Revived classical Greek and Roman architecture

Front 57

John Phillip Sousa

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Wrote popular marches for bands

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Jell Roll Morton

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Introduced general Americans to Jazz

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Buddy Bolden

Back 59

Introduced general Americans to Jazz

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Jazz

Back 60

A form of music that combined African rhythms with western-style instruments and mixed improvation with a structural band format.