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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who first conceived the idea of evolution and described the mechanism by which it occurred? |
Charles Darwin & Alfred Wallace |
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What island did Darwin visit? What did he notice about several of the animals there? |
-Galapagos -really similar but they had special adaptations that made them different |
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What did he notice about the ground finches that supported the idea of a common ancestor and evolution? |
-The beaks were different in shape and beaks had changed because the food on the islands -all the birds look the same except the beaks so it made it look like they changed over time to be able to adapt to the area and food resources on the island |
Survival of the fittest |
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How did beak size affect the survival of the ground finches? |
The type of food determined which beak would've survived the best |
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How does natural selection occur? |
They believe the organisms with the best traits would survive in the ones who were the best to survive died off |
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Why did Darwin propose giant tortoises survived better than the normal tortoises on the Galapagos Island? |
There wasn't much competition for the giant tortoises in a normal tortoises had the competition of the giant tortoises |
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Natural selection can occur if there is _________ among a trait. |
Variation |
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What are the two main mechanisms of genetic diversity? |
Mutations & sexual reproduction |
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What is it called if an inherited trait helps an organism survive? |
Adaptation |
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Are certain traits all considered to be positive? Why or why not? |
No because it depends on where you are and why you need it that makes it positive or negative |
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What is the divergent evolution? |
(break away) multiple organisms and species that come from a common organisms but aren't the same anymore |
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What is convergent evolution? |
Two species that were separate evolve to get different traits that are the same as one another |
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What are five of the pieces of evidence for evolution? |
– Fossils – Anatomy - Embryology - Biogeography - Molecular Biology |
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What are homologous structures? |
Similar anatomical structures that came from a common ancestor |
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What are vestigial structures? What are some examples? |
- Parts that are no longer used that came from an old ancestor - Examples: whales, bats & humans |
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How is embryology used to study evolution? |
Seeing how the embryos are similar to one another during development |
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What is biogeography explain? How does it explain evolution? |
- How location is related to one another - See how the location changes their look over time |
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What are the four misconceptions mentioned about evolution? |
-Evolution is just a theory (Scientific evidence is present) -Evolution explains the origin of life -Individuals evolve -Organisms evolve on purpose |
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Does the theory of evolution support the idea that individuals involved? If not how does it describe evolution occurs? |
No because evolution happens over a long period of time |
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Do organisms evolve intentionally? If not how does it occur? |
They don't evolve on purpose just can happen over time it's not a choice |
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What is a species? |
A group of organisms that can breed and produce an offspring |
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How is a hybrid formed and can they reproduce? |
Two different species me and it makes an infertile offspring |
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Changes must occur to what cells to be passed on to offspring |
Gametes (sperm or egg) |
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What is speciation? |
When to new species are made from one original |
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What must occur in order for speciation to have occurred? |
The two species can no longer create fertile offspring |
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What is the difference between allopathic and sympathetic speciation? |
-Allopathic- Two species get separated geographical and create a new species -Sympatric- Two species stay in the same area and create a new species |
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What about geographic separation causes speciation to occur? |
Ecosystem and climate |
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Allopathic speciation |
-Disperse- deciding to move -Vicarious- river forms and separate without a choice |
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What is it that the greater the distance, the greater the chance of speciation? |
The greater the distance to go to the climate in ecosystems there are other species are formed and evolution happens |
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What are the two type of reproductive barriers? |
-Prezygotic- prevents them from even attempting reproductive 1) Temporal isolation- when they mate at different times and it causes them to not cross 2) Habitat isolation- mate in different locations to where they never cross to mate - Postzygotic- try to produce an offspring and it dies |
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What is temporal isolation and how does it affect reproduction? |
when species cannot mate because they don't mate at the same time |
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What is behavioral isolation and what is an example of it? |
When different traits attract species |
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What is an example of a gametic barrier |
Reproductive organs cannot go together (don't fit) and they can't mate |
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What is a hybrid zone and in what three ways can it be changed over time? |
-Where two species interact with one and another and they make a hybrid 1) Reinforcement – makes the two species even more different 2) Fusion – two species together and they reproduce and eventually become one species again 3) Stability - stayed exactly the same not more alike and not more different |
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What are the two rates of speciation? |
-Gradual speciation- small steps over time (slowly) -Punctuated speciation- (quickly) |
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What is the gradual speciation model? |
Small changes occur over a long period of time |
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What is the punctuated equilibrium model? |
Large changes happened quickly because of an outside events |
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