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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Psychology
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The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to on another.
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Attribution Theory
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Suggests how we explain someone's behavior- by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.
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Fundamental Attribution error
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The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispostion.
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Attitude
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Feelings, often based on our beliefs; that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
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Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon
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The tendency fo rpeople who have first agreed to a small request to comply late with a larger request.
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Cognitive dissonance theory
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The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.
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Conformity
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Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
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Normative social influence
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Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or aviod disapproval.
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Informational social influence
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Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality.
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Social Facilitation
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Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
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Social Loafing
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The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
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Deindividuation
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The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occuring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
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Group polarization
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The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
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Groupthink
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The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
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Prejudice
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An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members.
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Stereotype
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A generalized belief about a group pf people.
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Discrimination
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Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a gruop or its members.
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ingroup
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us
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outgroup
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them
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ingroup bias
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the tendency to favor one's own group
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scapegoat
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The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
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Just- world phenomenon
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The tendedncy of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
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Aggression
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Any physcial or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.
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Frustration-aggression principle
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The principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression.
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Conflict
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A percieved incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.
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Social trap
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A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.
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Mere Exposure Effect
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The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.
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Passionate Love
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An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beggining of a love relationship.
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Companionate Love
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The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are interwined.
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Equity
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A condition in which people recieve from a relatioship in proportion to what they give it.
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Self-disclosure
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Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.
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Attruism
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Unselfish regard for the welfare of others.
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Bystander effect
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The tendency for any given bystander to be less likly to give aid if other bystanders are present.
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Social Exchange Theory
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The theory that out social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.
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Reciprocity Norm
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An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.
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Social-responsibility Norm
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An expectation that people will help those dependent on them.
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Superordinate Goals
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Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
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GRIT
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Graduated and Reciprocated initiatives in Tension-Reduction- a strategy designed to decrease internalized tensions.
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