Chapter 17;the West Explointing An Empire

Front 1

GREAT PLAINS

Back 1

Beyond the edge of Missouri Timer Country, Enormous land of rolling prairies, treeless, nearly flat, extending from the Mississippi rover to the Rocky Mountains.

Front 2

"CROWD NOBODY"

Back 2

When Greeley urged New Yorkers to move West.

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"INDIAN COUNTRY"

Back 3

Everything West of the Mississippi

Front 4

CHIVINGTON MASSACRE

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An Attack by 700 followers on November 29th, 1864 leaving the Native American men, women and children clubbed, stabbed, and scalped

Front 5

RED CLOUD

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Sioux chief determined to keep from building the Bozeman trail through the Montana hunting grounds

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FETTERMAN MASSACRE

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the slaughter of Captain Fetterman and 79 of his men by Sioux warriors in 1866

Front 7

BUFFALO SOLDIERS

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black soldier.

Front 8

RED RIVER WAR

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a punitive campaign led by General Sheridan against hostile Indians in the region of the Red River and the Llano Estacado

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SITTING BULL

Back 9

A Native American leader of the Sioux tribe in the late nineteenth century. He was a chief and medicine man when the Sioux took up arms against settlers in the northern Great Plains and against United States army troops. He was present at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, when the Sioux decisively defeated the cavalry led by Colonel George Custer.

Front 10

CRAZY HORSE

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A Sioux chief of the nineteenth century. Crazy Horse was one of the leaders of the Native American forces at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876.

Front 11

GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER

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United States general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the Battle of Little Bighorn

Front 12

7TH CAVALRY

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Elite front line soldiers. commanded by Major Samuel M. Whitside&Colonel James Forsyth

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NEZ PERCE TRIBE

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The Nez Perce split into two groups in the mid-19th century, with one side accepting coerced relocation to a reservation and the other refusing to give up their fertile land in Washington and Oregon. On October 5, 1877, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Nation surrendered to units of the U.S. Cavalry near Chinook in the north of what is now Montana.

Front 14

CHIEF JOSEPH

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the chief of the Wal-lam-wat-kain (Wallowa) band of Nez Perce during General Oliver O. Howard's attempt to forcibly remove his band and the other "non-treaty" Nez Perce to a reservation in Idaho.

Front 15

WOVOKA

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religious leader who founded the Ghost Dance movement

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GHOST DANCE

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a religious movement which was incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems.

Front 17

WOUNDED KNEE MASSACRE

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ccurred on December 29, 1890 near Wounded Knee Creek. Lakota Sioux placed the number of dead at 300. Twenty-five troopers also died, and thirty-nine were wounded.

Front 18

ASSIMILATION

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Using education, land policy, and federal law to eradicate triblal society.

Front 19

COURT OF INDIAN OFFENSES

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created to try Nativa Americans who broke governments rules and soon thereefter it made then answerabe in regular courts for certain crimes.

Front 20

DAWES SEVERALTY ACT

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enacted by the U.S. Congress regarding the distribution of land to Native Americans in Oklahoma

Front 21

EXTERMINATION OF THE BUFFALO

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The Officials killed all the buffalo. "A Buffalo dead, a indian dead"

Front 22

BUFFALO BILL CODY

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an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. earned the nickname by killing 4,280 American Buffalo.

Front 23

GOLD RUSH OF 1849

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The Gold Rush started at Sutter's Mill, near Coloma.[2] On January 24, 1848 James W. Marshall, a foreman working for Sacramento pioneer John Sutter, found pieces of gold in the tailrace of a lumber mill. The arrival of hundreds of thousands of new people within a few years, compared to a population of some 15,000 Europeans and Californios beforehand,had many dramatic effects.

Front 24

OVERLAND TRAIL

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The Overland Trail was a stagecoach and wagon trail in the American West during the 19th century.

Front 25

HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1862

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The Homestead Act is one of several United States federal laws that gave an applicant freehold title to up to 160 acres of undeveloped federal land outside the original 13 colonies.

Front 26

TIMBER CULTURE ACT OF 1873

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The Timber Culture Act was a follow-up act to the Homestead Act. The Timber Culture Act was passed by Congress in 1873. The act allowed homesteaders to get another 160 acres.

Front 27

TIMBER AND STONE ACT OF 1878

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The Timber and Stone Act of 1878 in the United States sold Western timberland for $2.50 per acre in 160 acre blocks.

Front 28

NATIONAL RECLAMATION ACT

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a United States federal law that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 17 states in the American West.

Front 29

"HYDRAULIC" SOCIETY

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dams, canals, and irrigation systems channeled water into dry areas creating this society.

Front 30

ROMUALDO PACHECO

Back 30

an American politician and diplomat. Involved in California state and federal politics,the California State Senate, the 12th Governor of California, and three terms in the United States House of Representatives.

Front 31

LAS GORRAS BLANCAS

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believed in Mexican reclamation of land taken by Anglo farmers and used intimidation and raids to accomplish their goals. They sought to develop a class-based consciousness among local people through the everyday tactics of resistance to the economic and social order confronting common property land grant communities.

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"INSTANT CITIES"

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San Francisco, Salt Lake City, & Denver

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PLACER MINING

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the mining of alluvial deposits for minerals.

Front 34

COMSTOCK LODE

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the first major U.S. discovery of silver and gold ore, located under what is now Virginia City, Nevada, on the eastern slope of Mount Davidson, a peak in the Virginia Range.

Front 35

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT

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signed into law by Chester A. Arthur on May 8, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of Chinese immigration, a ban that was intended to last 10 years

Front 36

FOREIGN MINERS TAX

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An 1850 Foreign Miners Tax Act, signed into law by Burnett, required every miner of non-American origin to pay US$20

Front 37

VAQUEROS

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Cowboys

Front 38

WYOMING STOCK GROWERS ASSOCIATION

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Association was started among Wyoming cattle ranchers to standardize and organize the cattle industry, but quickly grew into a political force that wielded great influence throughout the American West.

Front 39

EXODUSTERS

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name given to African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880.

Front 40

DRY FARMING

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an agricultural technique for non-irrigated cultivation of land which receives little natural rainfall.

Front 41

NATIONAL GRANGE

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a fraternal organization for American farmers that encourages farm families to band together for their common economic and political well-being.

Front 42

BONANZA FARMS

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very large farms in the United States performing large-scale operations, mostly growing and harvesting wheat.

Front 43

TURNERS THESIS

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Thesis asserted that the existence of a frontier and its settlement had shaped American character; given rise to individualism, independence, and sefconfidence and fostered the American spirit of invention and adapation