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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Great Plains
Treeless, nearly flat, amd endless "sea of grassy hillocks" extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
"Crowd Nobody"
?
"Indian Country"
The land west of the Mississippi River. The government moved eastern tribes there with firm treaty guarantees.
Chivington Massacre
On November 29, 1864, a group of Colorado militia led by Colonel John M. Chivington clubbed, stabbed, and scalped Native American men, women, and children.
Red Cloud
The Sioux Indian chief .
Fetterman Massacre
In December of 1866, Red Cloud, pursued by an army column under Captain William J. Fetterman, lured the incautious Fetterman deep into the wilderness, ambushed him, and wiped out all 82 soldiers in his command.
Buffalo Soldiers
African-American cavalrymen on the western frontier.
Red River War
1874-1875
The Kiowa and Comanche, fed up with conditions on the reservation, revolted against Grant's peace policy. The soldiers harried and wore out the Indians who surrendered in th spring of 1875.
Sitting Bull
Medicine-Man for the Sioux.
Crazy Horse
Great War Chief for the Sioux.
George Armstrong Custer
On June 25th, 1876, thinking he had a small band of Native Americans surrounded, Custer diided his column and took 265 men toward it. He instead stumbled across 2500 warriors and his whole army was wiped out.
7th Cavalry
?
Nez Perce Tribe
A tribe of Oregon people who had warmly welcomed Lewis and Clark in 1805.
Wovoka
Paiute messiah.
Ghost Dance
A religious movement that arose in the late 19th century. It involved a set of dances and rites that its followers believed would cause white men to disappear and restore lands to the Native Americans. The dances were outlawed by the U.S. government.
Wounded Knee Massacre
In December 1890, troopers of the 7th Cavalry, under orders to stop the Ghost Dance religion among the Sioux, took Chief Big Foot and his followers to a camp on Wounded Knee Creek in SD. Approximately 200 Natives were killed.
Assimilation
Instead of segregation, some people wanted to use "assimilation" / education, land policy, and federal law to admit Natives into white culture.
Court of Indian Offenses
Created in 1882, used to try Native Americans who broke government rules.
Dawes Severalty Act
Passes in 1887, aimed at breaking up Indian tribal life by promoting individual land ownership. Divided tribal lands into small plots given to members of each tribe.
Extermination of the Buffalo
?
Chief Joseph
?
Buffalo Bill Cody
Professional hunter
Gold Rush of 1849
Individual prospectors made the first strikes along the Sierra Nevada Mountains in 1849, touching off a mining boom that helped shape the development of the west and set the pattern for subsequent strikes in other regions
Overland Trail
The route taken by thousands of travelers from the Mississippi Valley to the Pacific Coast. It took six months of more to complete.
Homstead Act of 1862
Gave 160 acres of land to individuals who were able to pay a $10 registration fee and live on and cultivate the land for 5 years.
Timber Culture Act of 1873
Allowed homesteaders to claim an additional 160 acres if they planted trees on a uarter of it within 4 years.
Timber and Stone Act of 1878
Applied only to lands "unfit for cultivation". Permitted anyone in CA, NV, OR, and WA to buy up to 160 acres of forest land for $2.50 an acre
National Reclamation Act
Set aside most of the proceeds from the sale of public lands in 16 western states to finance irrigation projects in the arid states.
"Hydraulic" Society
places which water was being channeled into by dams, canals, and irrigation systems.
Romualdo Pacheco
An aristocratic Native son. Served as a governor of California and went into Congress.
Las Gorras Blancas
(The White Caps) A secret organization of Spanish Americans
"Instant Cities"
Places that populated very quickly.
Placer Mining
Required little skill, technology, or capital. Only needed a shovel, washing pan, and a good claim.
Comstock Lode
1859. near Virginia City, Nevada. The richest discovery in the history of mining.
Chinese Exclusion Act
Suspended immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years.
Foreign Miners Tax
Charged foreign miners a $20 monthly licensing fee.
Vaqueros
Mexican counterparts to American cowboys
Wyoming Stock Growers Association
An organization made by ranchers to enforce rules of cattle ownership, branding, roundups, and drives. Largest and most formidable.
Exodusters
A group of about 6000 blacks who left their homes in LA, MS, TX in 1879 seeking freer lives in KS, where they worked as farmers or laborers.
Dry Farming
Helped compensate for lack of rainfall
National Grange
Provided social, cultural, and educational activities.
Bonanza Farms
Huge Farms covering thousands of acres on the Great Plains. In relying on large size and new machinery, they represented a development in agriculture similar to that taking place in inustry
Turner's Thesis
?