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231 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thalamus
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relay center
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conjunctiva
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delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior ball
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cornea
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fibrous transperant layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball
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iris
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pigmented (colored) layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye
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lens
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transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye
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pupil
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central opening of the eye, surronded by the iris through which light rays pass; appears dark
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refraction
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bending of light rays by the cornea, lens and fluids
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sclera
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tough, white outer coat of the eyeball
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thalamus
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relay center of the brain
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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cor/o
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pupil
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corne/o
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cornea
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cycl/o
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ciliary body or the muscle of the eye
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ir/o, irid/o
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iris (colored portion of the eye)
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dacry/o
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tears, tear duct
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kerat/o
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cornea
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lacrim/o
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tears
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ocul/o , opthalm/o
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eye
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opt/o, optic/o
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eye, vision
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Palpebr/o
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eyelid
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papill/o
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optic disc; nipple like
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phac/o, phak/o
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lens of the eye
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pupill/o
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pupil
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vitre/o
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glassy
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ambly/o
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dull, dim
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dipl/o
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double
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glauc/o
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gray
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mi/o
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smaller, less
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mydr/o
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widen, enlarge
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nyct/o
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night
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phot/o
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light
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presby/o
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old age
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scot/o
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darkness
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xer/o
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dry
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-opia , opsia
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vision
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-tropia
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to turn
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astigmatism
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defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
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hyperopia (hypermetropia)
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farsightness
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myopia
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nearsightness
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presbyopia
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impairment of vision as a result of old age
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cararact
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clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
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glaucoma
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increased intracular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision
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hordeolum
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localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
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macualar degeneration
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progressive damage to the macula of the retina
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retinal detachment
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two layers of the retina separate from each other
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strabisums
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abnormal deviation of the eye (cross eyed)
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exotropia
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one eye turns outward; well eyed
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esotropia
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one eye turns inward; crosseye
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hypertropia
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upward deviation of one eye
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hypotropia
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downward deviation of one eye
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amblyopia
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partial loss of vision or lazy eye
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opthalmoscopy
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visual examination of the interior eye
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visual acuity test
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clarity of vision is assessed; patient reads from a snellen chart (distance test)
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tonometry
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measures intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma
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visual field test
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measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of head
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enucleation
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removal of the entire eyeball
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keratplasty
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surgical repair of the cornea
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LASIK
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use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)
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phacoemulsification
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ultasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe
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scleral buckle
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suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina
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HEENT
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Head eyes ears nose throat
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LASIK
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laser in sintu keratomileusis
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auditory canal
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channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum (outer ear)
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cochlea
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snail shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing sensitive receptor cells (inner cells)
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tympanic membrane
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eardrum (middle)
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acous/o , audi/o , audit/o
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hearing
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aur/o auricul/o, ot/o
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ear
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myring/o tympan/o
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eardrum, tympanic membrane
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ossicul/o
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ossicle
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sapling/o
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eustachian tube, auditory tube
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staped/o
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stapes (third bone of the middle ear)
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-acusis, or -cusis
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hearing
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-meter
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instrument to measure
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-otia
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ear condition
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deafness
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loss of the ability to hear
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nerve deafness
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sensorineual hearing loss results from impairment of the cohlea or auditory nerve
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conductive deafness
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results from impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes transmitting sound waves into the cochlea
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otitis media
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imflammation of the middle ear
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serous otitis media
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is a noninfectious inflammtion with accumlation of serous fluid
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suppurative oritis media
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bacteria invades the middle then it forms pus
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tinnitus
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sensation of nosies (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears
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vertigo
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sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
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audiometry
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testing the sense of hearing; audiometer is what delivers acoustic stimuli of specific frequencies to determine a patients hearing loss for each frequency
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otoscopy
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visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope
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AD
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right ear
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ENT
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ear nose thorat
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glucocorticoids
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steriod hormones have a important influence on the metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins, anti-imflammatory effect
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mineralocorticoids
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the major mineralocorticiod is aldosterone, it regulates concentration of electrolytes in the body
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sex hormones
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androgens (testosterone) and estrogens
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Pancreas
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located behind the stomach; lset ( alpha and beta) cells secretes hormones from the pancreas
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parathyroid glands
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four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland;
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Parathormoe (PTH)
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secreted by the parathyoid glandsl increases blood calcium
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aden/o
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gland
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andren/o adrenal/o
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adrenal gland
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gonad/o
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sex glands ( ovaries and testes)
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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andr/o
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male
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cortic/o
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cortex, outer region
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crin/o
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secrete
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dips/o
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third
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estr/o
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female
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gluc/o, glyc/o
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sugar
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home/o
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sameness
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hormon/o
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hormone
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kal/i
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potassium
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lact/o
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milk
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myx/o
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mucous
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natr/o
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sodium
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phys/o
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growing
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somat/o
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body
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ster/o
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solid structure
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toc/o
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childbirth
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toxic/o
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position
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ur/o
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urine
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-agon
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assemble, gather together
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-in -ine
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a substance
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-tropin
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stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)
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-uria
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urine condition
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eu-
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good, normal
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oxy-
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rapid, shapr, acid
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pan-
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all
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tetra-
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four
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tri-
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three
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hyperthyroidism
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overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis
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exopthalmos
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protusion of the eyeballs, or protosis
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hypothyoridism
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underactivity of the thyroid
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myxedema
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is advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
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cretenism
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extreme hypothyriodism during infancy and childhood lead to a lack of normal physical and mental growth
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hyperparathyroidism
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excessive production of parathormone
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hypoparathyroidism
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deficient production of parathyroid hormone
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hyperinsulinsim
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excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia; cause by an overdose of insulin or a tumor in the pancreas
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diabetes mellitus (DM)
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lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells
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Type 1 diabetes
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autoimmune disease, onset is usually in childhood
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type 2 diabetes
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separate disease has a different inheritance pattern, may caused by obsesity, and mainly in old adulthood
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type 1 primary complicaition
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hyperglyceima,
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fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
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also known as fasting blood sugar test, measure circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours
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GH
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growth hormone
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FBS
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fasting blood sugar
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Panhypopituitarism
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deficiency of all pituitary hormones
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dwarfism
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congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypoituitary dwarfism
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gigantism
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hypersection of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues
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acromegaly
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hypersecretion of of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary after puberty, leading to enlargement of extremities
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carinoma in situ
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referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent
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cauterization
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process of burning tissue to destroy it
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cryosurgery
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use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue
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excisional biopsy
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removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue
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incisional biopsy
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piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis
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external beam irradiation (teletherapy)
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radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distance source (linear accelerator)
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linear accelerator
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large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray (or photon) beams for the treatment of deep-seated tumors
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pharmacokinetics
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is concerned with measuring the amount of drug that is present over time in various body compartments (such as blood, urine, and spinal fluid)
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protocol
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plan, that details route, schedule and frequency of doses administered
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remission
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absense of all signs of disease
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adjuvant
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aid
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apoptosis
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self destruction
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antibiotics
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chemical substances, produced by bacteria or primitive plants; they inhibit the growth of cells and are used in chemotherapy
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benign tumor
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noncanerous growth (neoplam)
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biological therapy
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use of body's own defenses to destroy tumor cells
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carcinogens
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agents that cause cancer; chemicals and drugs radiation and viruses
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carcinoma
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cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin
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chemotherapy
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treatment with drugs
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invasive
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having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue
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malignant tumor
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a tumor having the characteristics of continous growth, invasiveness, and metastasis
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pharmacokinetics
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study of the distribution in and the removal of drugs from the body over time in humans and animals
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protocol
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detailed plan for treatment for treatment of illness
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radiation
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energy carried by a steam of particles
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cachexia
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bad state
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alveol/o
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small sac
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cry/o
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cold
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cyst/o
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sac of fluid
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follicul/o
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small glandular sacs
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medull/o
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soft, inner part
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mucos/o
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mucous membrane
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mut/a
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genetic change
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mutagen/o
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causing genetic change
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papill/o
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nipple like
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pharmac/o
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chemical drug
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plas/o
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formation
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ple/o
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many, more
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prot/o
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first
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sarc/o
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flesh, connective tissue
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scirrh/o
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hard
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xer/o
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dry
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-blastoma
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immature tumor
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-genesis
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formation
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-oma
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mass, tumor
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-plasia , -plasm
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formation, growth
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-suppression
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to stop
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-therapy
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treatment
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ana-
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backward
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apo-
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off, away
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brachy-
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short (distance)
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epi-
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upon
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meta-
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beyond, change
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tele-
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far
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bone marrow biopsy
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aspiration of bone marrow tissue and examination under a microscope for evidence of malignant cells
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laparoscopy
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visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope, also known peritoneoscopy
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mammography
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x-ray examination of the breast to detect breast cancer
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chemo
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chemotherapy
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angiography
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x-ray image (angiogram) of blood vessels and heart chambers is obtained after contrast is injected through a catheter into the appropriate blood vessel or heart chamber
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cholangiography
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x-ray imaging after injection of contrast into bile ducs
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hysterosaplingography
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x-ray record of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes is obtained after injection of contrast material through the vagina and into the endocervical canal
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myelography
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x-ray imaging of the spinal cord (myel/o) after injection of contrast agent into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord
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pyelography
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x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and urinary tract
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sonogram
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ultrasonic echoes are then recorded as a composite picture of the area of the body over which the instrument has passed
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posteroanterior (PA) view
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is this most commonly requested chest x-ray view, x-ray travel from a posterorly placed source to an anteriorly placed detector
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lateral view
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in a left view, x-ray travel from a source located to the right of the patient to a detector placed to the left of the patient
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anteroposterior (AP) view
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x-rays travel from an anterioly placed source to a posteriorly placed detector
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oblique view
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x-rays travel in a slanting direction at an angle from the perpendicular plane
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prone
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lying on the belly (face down)
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abduction
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moving away from the midline of the body
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supine
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lying in the back (face up)
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adduction
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movement toward the midline of the body
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in vitro
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process, test, or procedure is performed, measured, or observed OUTSIDE a living organism, often in a test tube
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in vivo
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WITHIN a living organism
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is/o
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same
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pharmeceut/o
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drug
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radi/o
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x-rays
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viv/o
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life
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vitr/o
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glass
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-opaque
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obscure
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-lucent
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to shine
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echo-
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a repeated sound
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ulta-
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beyond
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CT
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computed tomography
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ECHO
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echocardiography
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son/o
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sound
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the physicians desk of reference (PDR)
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several references with several different indices to identify drugs, along with precautions, warnings about side affects, and informaiton about the recommded dosage
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b.i.d
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two times a day
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q.d.
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every day
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q.h
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every hour
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q.i.d.
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four times a day
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