Chapter 17 Document Examination

Front 1

_ documents are those whose source or authenticity is being questioned. A skilled examiner will have had years of experience and training evaluating known and unknown writing/typing/printed samples.

Back 1

Questioned

Front 2

The uniqueness of hand writing stems from _ skills developed over time as we mature.

Back 2

motor

Front 3

Writing becomes an _ effort developing into an individual quality, so much so that no two peoples write identically the same.

Back 3

unconscious

Front 4

Arguably, there are even _ within one’s own writings.

Back 4

variations

Front 5

There is no set number of _ that need be made for an examiner to qualify two written documents to a single source.

Back 5

comparisons

Front 6

The experience of the analyst determines when there is a _ and when there are not enough _ in the exemplars.

Back 6

match; similarities

Front 7

Known writings need to be collected from the _ individual.

Back 7

suspect

Front 8

The examiner must try to have the individual write similar phrases and terms, characters and numbers. It is also important to use the same or similar _ instrument and have the same type of paper medium available.

Back 8

writing

Front 9

_ writings ensure that the motor skills take over at some point and deception is harder to accomplish.

Back 9

Repeated

Front 10

Typewriters/copiers/printers may often be identified with comparisons to _ collections.

Back 10

reference

Front 11

_ characteristics are often produced with reported use. Side by side comparisons need to be examined in order to determine similarities in headers, toners and toner applications.

Back 11

Individual

Front 12

Fax machines produce _ that are characteristically different in font.

Back 12

TTI’s

Front 13

There are known databases for TTI information available to _.

Back 13

QDE’s

Front 14

Analysts may utilize _ examination as well as alternate light sources and _.

Back 14

microscopic ;TLC

Front 15

An authentic sample used for comparison purposed, such as a handwriting sample.

Back 15

exemplar

Front 16

Normal deviations found between repeated specimens of an individual's handwriting.

Back 16

natural variations

Front 17

Document examiners gather documents of known _ and _ and compare them to the individual characteristics of questioned writing.

Back 17

authorship, orgin

Front 18

Known writings should contain some of the _ and combination of _ in the questioned document.

Back 18

words; letters

Front 19

The unconscious handwriting of two individuals can never be identical. However can be altered by the influence of _ & _.

Back 19

drugs and alcohol

Front 20

_ defect marks originating from random debris on the glass platen, inner cover, or mechanical portions of a copier produce irregularly shaped images that may serve as point of comparison.

Back 20

Transitory

Front 21

A TTI (_), is a header at the top of each page of a fax document. It is useful in document comparison because it serves as a way to distinguish between a real and a fraudulently prepared fax document.

Back 21

Transmitting terminal identifier

Front 22

Variations in _ and _ alignment and perpendicular misalignment of characters, as well as defects in each typeface, are valuable for proving the identity of a typewriter.

Back 22

vertical and horizontal

Front 23

The removal of writing, typewriting, or printing from a document, normally accomplished either by chemical means or by means of abrasive instrument.

Back 23

erasure

Front 24

A property exhibited by some dyes, meaning that they emit infrared light when exposed to blue-green light.

Back 24

infrared luminescence

Front 25

Blotting out or smearing over writing or printing to make the original unreadable.

Back 25

obliteration

Front 26

Any document that has been darkened and brittle through exposure to fire or excessive heat.

Back 26

Charred document

Front 27

_ is the process by which the image is stored in memory.

Back 27

Digitizing

Front 28

Impressions left on paper positioned under a piece of paper that has been written on.

Back 28

indented writings

Front 29

Document examiners deal with evidence that has been changed in several ways, such as through; _, _, & _.

Back 29

alterations, erasures and obliterations

Front 30

It maybe be possible to read indented writing by applying an _ charge to the surface of a polymer film that has been placed in contact with a questioned document.

Back 30

electrostatic

Front 31

Studying the _ composition of writing ink present on documents may verify whether known and questioned documents were prepared by the same pen.

Back 31

chemical