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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Humoral Immunity |
- describing immunity brought by antibodies |
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B Cells |
- mature in the bone marrow - recognize antigens and make specific antibodies against them |
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T Cells |
- mature lymphocytes under the influence of the thymus - basis of the cellular immunity |
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T- CEll Recptors |
- respond to antigens - contact with antigens causes certain types of T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines rather than antibodies |
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Antigens |
- are either proteins or large polysaccahrides - are often components of invading microbes |
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Epiptopes |
- specific regions in which antibodies interact with antigens |
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Haptens |
- a foreign substance that has a low molecular weight is often not antigenic unless it is attached to a carrier molecules |
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Antibodies |
- globulin proteins - Ig for antibodies - relatively soluble - made in response to antigen and can recognize and bind to antigen |
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Antigen Binding Sites |
- two identical sites on the antibody that bind to epitopes |
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Monomer |
- simplest molecular sturcutre with a bivalent antibody - four protein chains |
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Varialbe Regions |
- these bind to epitopes - are identical on any one antibody |
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Constant Regions |
- the lower parts of the arm of the Y - they are the same for a particualr class of Ig |
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Activated B cell |
- when a B cell's immunoglobulins bing to the epitope for which they are specific - activated B cell undergoes clonal expansion |
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T- dependent Antigen |
- an antigen that requires a Th cell for antibody production - mainly proteins such as those found on viruses, bacteria, and foreign blood cells - it is necessary for the T dependent antigen and B to interact to activate |
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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) |
- a collection of genes that encode molecules of genetically diverse glycoproteins that are found on the plasma membrane of mammalian cells - identifies the host and its use here prevents the immune system from making antibodies that would be harmful to the host |
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Activated B Cells |
- plasma cells - memory cells that are responsible for the enhanced secondary response to an antigen |
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T independent Antigens |
- antigens that stimulate B cells directly without the help of T cells - characterized by repeating subunits - provoke a weaker immune response that do T- dependent antigens |
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Affinity |
- the strenth of bond between an atigen and antibody |
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Aggulation |
- antibodies cause antigens to clump together - more easily digested by phagocytes |
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Opsonization |
- the antigen such as a bacterium, is coated with antibodies that enhance its ingstion and lysis by phagocytic cells |
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Antibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity |
- resemebles opsonization in that the target organism becomes coated with antibodies and the destruction of the target cell is by immmune system cells that remain external to the target cell |
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Neutralization |
- IgG antibodies inactivate microbes by blocking their attachment to host cells and they neurtralize toxins in a similar manner |
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Activation of the complement system |
- inflammation is that it will often ause microbes in the inflammed area to become coated with certian proteins - leads to the attachment of the microbe of an antibody complement complex - complex lyses the microbe which then attracts phagocytes and other defensive immune system cell to the area |
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Thymic Selection |
- T cells will not recongize self molecules of MHC - this is important in preventing the body from attacking its own tissues
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M Cells |
- scatered array of cells |
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Peyer's Patches |
- where M cells are located - secondary lymphoid organs located on the intestinal wall |
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Antigen Presenting Cells |
- the recogniton of antigens by a T cell requires that they are processed by APCs |
