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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are bacteria considered and what does it mean?
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prokaryotes-before true nucleus
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what does bacteria lack?
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no membrane around nucleus and no membrane-enclosed organelles
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what are the two different domains of prokaryotes?
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Bacteria and Archaea
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what is the difference between these two domains?
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is the nucleic acids, some Archaea have rRNA that matches eukaryotic ones
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what are the parts of a bacteria?
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cell wall, pilli, flagella, cell envelope, and cytoplasm
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what do the pilli do?
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stick to surfaces like your throat
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what does the cell envelope do?
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make a capsule that is antiphaygocytic (white blood cells cannot eat this)
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how do bacteria reproduce?
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by fission or conjugation
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what is fission?
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where DNA chromosome replicates
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what is generation time and how much is it?
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time it takes for bacteria to replicate, it is exponential(1->2 2->4, 4->8)
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what is Cyanobacteria?
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photosynthetic bacteria
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cyanobacteria is common where?
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lakes, ponds, tropical oceans, and anywhere where its calm and warm
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what happens if the water becomes polluted?
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the cyanobacteria will bloom
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how does the bloom affect animals in the water
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depletes their oxygen
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before we knew what caused a disease people blamed disorders on what?
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the wrath of good or to toxins (bad air)
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who was Koch?
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a scientist who proved that one specific agent caused a specific disease such as a "pathogen"
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what are some examples of disease causing bacteria?
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staphlococcus aureus, food intoxication, and anthrax
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where is staphlococcus found in humans?
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in the nasal cavity
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food intoxication is what?
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the most common type of food poisoning in the U.S. due to staphlococcus
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how is food intoxication transmitted?
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by eating certain foods that have been contaminated by handling and then left unrefrigerated
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how can you prevent food intoxication?
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keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold
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what does anthrax look like?
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large rods hooked like sausage
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how was anthrax transmitted?
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livestock infected while grazing on grass contaminated with spores
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how did the eukaryotic cell originate?
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probably as a community of prokaryotes
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what are two processes involved?
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membrane infolding and endosymbiosis
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what is membrane infolding?
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inward folds of plasma membrane of a prokaryotic cell encircled organelles
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what did endosymbiosis do?
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generated the first mitochondria and chloroplasts
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symbiosis is what?
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is a close association between organisms of two or more species
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mitochondria and chloroplast are what?
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small prokaryotes that established themselves inside larger prokaryotes
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what is unique about mitochondria and chloroplast?
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these two organelles have their own DNA and can replicate on their own
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