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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacteriophages |
often used in molecular genetics studies; viruses that infect bacteria
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Semiconservative model
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a model of DNA replication posited by Francis and Crick that postulates that the replication of a DNA strand yields two daughter strands, each identical to the original and each containing one half of the original strand
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Origins of replication
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specific sites on the DNA molecule where replication begins
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Replication fork
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a Y-shaped region at each end of a replication bubble where the new strands of DNA are elongating
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DNA polymerases
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enzymes that catalyze the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork
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Leading strand
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DNA strand made by a polymerase that nestles in the replication fork and moves along the template strand as the fork progresses; 5’ → 3’
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Lagging strand
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DNA strand made by polymerase that works in the opposite direction of the replication fork
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DNA ligase
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an enzyme that joins the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand into a single DNA strand
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Primer
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the original, preexisting chain found within a cell; a short stretch of RNA about 10 nucleotides long in eukaryotes; required for a DNA polymerase to begin synthesizing the leading strand of new DNA
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Primase
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an enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer
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Helicase
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an enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication fork, separating the two old strands
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Single-strand binding protein
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molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while they serve as templates for the synthesis of new complementary strands
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Mismatch repair
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a DNA repair mechanism that fixes mistakes that are made when DNA is copied; carried out by DNA polymerase during replication as well as by other protein molecules
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Nuclease
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a DNA-cutting enzyme that excises the damaged area of a DNA molecule
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Excision repair
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repair of a damaged region of a DNA molecule carried out by excising the damaged area and inserting the appropriate nucleotides; carried out by nucleases, DNA polymerases, and ligases
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Telomeres
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special nucleotide sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomal DNA
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Telomerase
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a special enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres; usually not found in multicellular organisms, with the exception of within gamete-producing cells
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