Chapter 16 Special Senses

Front 1

Fibrous tunic

Back 1

Outermost layer of eyeball, it includes: 1) Sclera, 2) Cornea, 3) Conjuctiva

Front 2

Sclera

Back 2

White of the eye provides strength, shape, and structure to the eye

Front 3

Cornea

Back 3

Part of the Sclera that passes in front of the eye, no capillaries, requires eye fluids for nourishment

Front 4

Conjunctiva

Back 4

Covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids

Front 5

Vascular tunic

Back 5

Also called the Uvea, consists of Choroid, Iris, and Ciliary Body

Front 6

Choroid

Back 6

Provides blood supply for eye, has pigmented cells preventing light from entering the eye.

Front 7

Iris

Back 7

Colored contractile membrane with perforated center called the pupil.

Front 8

Ciliary body

Back 8

Circular muscle that produces aqueous humor. It's attached to a capsular bag that holds the lens between the suspensory ligaments. The muscle contracts/relaxes to change the shape of lens to help in focusing.

Front 9

Accomodation (acc)

Back 9

Changes to lens by Ciliary body to allow the eye to focus on an image.

Front 10

Sensory Tunic

Back 10

Innermost layer, it's a double layered tunic consisting of the retina. Has two layers, pigmented over the Choroid, and nervous layer used for vision.

Front 11

Rods

Back 11

Function in dim light, for black and white vision.

Front 12

Cones

Back 12

Function in bright light and produce color vision.

Front 13

Macula

Back 13

Central portion of retina that is highly sensitive.

Front 14

Fovea

Back 14

Center of Macula, consists of only cones, has best acuity for color vision.

Front 15

Visual/photopigment

Back 15

Pigment in rods and cones that react to light, causing chemical changes and impulses that go through the optic nerve

Front 16

Optic disc

Back 16

Area where optic nerve and it's blood vessels enter, center is the blind spot because it has no rods or cones.

Front 17

Two major humors of the eye

Back 17

1) Aqueous humor

2) Vitreous Humor

Front 18

Aqueous humor

Back 18

Found in the posterior and anterior chambers of the eye, nourishing the lens and cornea.

Front 19

Canal of Schlemm

Back 19

Drains aqueous humor produced by Ciliary body

Front 20

Glaucoma

Back 20

Results when aqueous humor doesn't drain at a slower rate than it's produced

Front 21

Vitreous humor

Back 21

Jellylike substance filling the inner portion of the eye, the vitreous chamber.

Front 22

(3) Refractive structures of the eye

Back 22

Vitreous humor, lens, and aqueous humor.

Front 23

Adnexa

Back 23

All supporting structures of the eye globe

Front 24

Six extraocular muscles part of adnexa)

Back 24

Superior, inferior, lateral, and medial rectus muscles and the superior and inferior oblique muscles

Front 25

Conjunctiva

Back 25

Lines the inner surface of eyelids and cornea

Front 26

Lacrimal gland

Back 26

Superior to outer edge of eye

Front 27

Lacrimal canals

Back 27

Tears collect at the Canthi and pass through Lacrimal canals to the upper and lower puncti. Drain in nasal cavity

Front 28

Organ of Corti

Back 28

Line the inner part of the cochlea consisting of hair cells

Front 29

Ambly/o

Back 29

Dull, dim. Amblyopia, dimmed vision due to lazy eye.

Front 30

Blephar/o

Back 30

Eyelid blepharoptosis drooping eyelids

Front 31

Choroid/o

Back 31

Choroid; vascular lining of eye

Front 32

Core/o;Pupill/o

Back 32

Pupil. Coreometer. Pupillography recording movement of pupil

Front 33

Cycl/o

Back 33

Ciliary body of the eye; circular; cycle. Cycloplegia paralysis of Ciliary body

Front 34

Dacry/o;Lacrym/o

Back 34

Tear; Lacrimal duct

Front 35

Dacryocyst/o

Back 35

Lacrimal sac. Ex. Dacryocystoptosis

Front 36

Glauc/o

Back 36

Gray

Front 37

Goni/o

Back 37

Angle. Ex. Gonioscopy: exam of irideocorneal angle

Front 38

Irid/o

Back 38

Iris. Ex: iridoplegia

Front 39

Kerat/o

Back 39

Horny tissue, hard, cornea. Ex keratotomy. Incision of the cornea

Front 40

Ocul/o;Ophthalm/o

Back 40

Eye. Oculomycosis fungal infection of the eye.

Front 41

Opt/o; optic/o

Back 41

Eye; vision

Front 42

Phac/o

Back 42

Lens ex Phacocele displacement of the lens into interior chamber of the eye

Front 43

-opia

Back 43

Vision. Presbyopia, poor vision associated with age

Front 44

Retin/o

Back 44

Retina. Ex retinosis- Abnormal condition of the eye

Front 45

Scler/o

Back 45

Hardening or Sclera of the eye

Front 46

Scot/o

Back 46

Darkness. Ex Scotoma dark tumor like spot. Diminished vision in visual fields

Front 47

RK

Back 47

Radial keratotomy

Front 48

Staped/o

Back 48

Stapes.Ex stapedectomy

Front 49

Myring/o; tympan/o

Back 49

Tympanic membrane.

Front 50

Salping/o

Back 50

Tubes. Usually fallopian or eustachian.

Front 51

-acusia; -cusis

Back 51

Hearing. Anacusia or presbycusis

Front 52

-opia; -opsia

Back 52

Vision. Diplopia or heteropsia

Front 53

-tropia

Back 53

Turning. Esotropia inward turning of the eyes

Front 54

Ametropia

Back 54

Error of refraction

Front 55

Emmetropia

Back 55

Normal refraction

Front 56

Myopia

Back 56

Image falls in front of the retina, the eye is too long. Nearsightedness

Front 57

Hyperopia

Back 57

Image falls beyond the retina, eyeball is too short. Farsightedness

Front 58

Astigmatism

Back 58

Defective curvature, light diffused over a large area rather than being sharply focused

Front 59

LASIK

Back 59

Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis

Front 60

Cataracts

Back 60

Opacities that form on the lens. Protein build up on the lens. Treated via emulsification, phacoemulsification

Front 61

IOL

Back 61

Intraocular lens

Front 62

Glaucoma

Back 62

Intraocular pressure caused by buildup of aqueous humor, faulty cabal of schlemm. Destroys the optic nerve.

Front 63

Chronic glaucoma

Back 63

Also called open angle, simple, or wide angle glaucoma. Symptoms: headache, blurred vision, gradual loss of peripheral vision, dull pain in eye. Cupping of optic discs can be seen in eye exam.

Front 64

Acute glaucoma

Back 64

Angle closure or narrow angle glaucoma. Symptoms: extreme ocular pain, blurred vision, redness of the eye, and dilation of the pupil.

Front 65

Strabismus

Back 65

Also called heterotropia or tropia, one eye misaligned with the other.

Front 66

Esotropia [ST]

Back 66

Inward strabismus

Front 67

Exotropia [XT]

Back 67

Outward strabismus

Front 68

Amblyopia

Back 68

Lazy eye syndrome! Vision suppressed in one eye. Could lose vision permanently if not treated

Front 69

Age related macular degeneration (ARMD)

Back 69

Wet and dry types. Neovascular (wet) ARMD is most severe. blood vessels form under Macula...destroying visual cells

Front 70

Dry AMRD

Back 70

Drusen deposits form on Macula. rarely leads to total blindness.

Front 71

Synalgia

Back 71

Pain shared across different areas

Front 72

Otosclerosis

Back 72

Ankylosis of ossicles, usually stapes is affected. Genetically inherited. Stapedectomy and replacement is recommended.

Front 73

Retinoblastoma

Back 73

Find primarily in children, tumor of retina. Usually familial. Treatment is enucleation, removal of eye followed by radiation.

Front 74

Melanoma

Back 74

Can affect eye, usually in adults. Can be found in orbit, Iris, or Ciliary body, usually in pigmented cells of Choroid.

Front 75

Achromatopsia

Back 75

Severe congenital deficiency in colour perception.

Front 76

Chalazion

Back 76

Small hard tumor developing on the eyelids, similar to sebaceous cyst.

Front 77

Ectropion

Back 77

Outward turning of edge of the lower eyelids

Front 78

Entropion

Back 78

Inversion of the edge of the lower eyelid

Front 79

Epiphora

Back 79

Abnormal overflow of tears

Front 80

Horrdeolum

Back 80

Also called a stye, localized swelling of sebaceous gland of eyelids, bacterial infection

Front 81

Metamorphopsia

Back 81

Visual distortion of objects. Associated with errors of refraction, retinal disease, choroiditis, detachment of the retina, and tumor of retina or Choroid.

Front 82

Nyctalopia

Back 82

Impaired vision in dim light, night blindness.

Front 83

Nystagmus

Back 83

Involuntary eye movements.

Front 84

Papilledema

Back 84

Swelling and hyperemia of optic disc, usually from increased intracranial pressure.

Front 85

Photophobia

Back 85

Usually occurs with meningitis, inflammation of the eyes, measles, and rubella.

Front 86

Presbyopia

Back 86

Loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process, decreased focus.

Front 87

Retinopathy

Back 87

Any disorder of the retinal blood vessels, diabetic form can result in hemorrhage, edema, and formation of new vessels on the retina, leads to scarring and loss of vision.

Front 88

Trachoma

Back 88

Chronic contagious form of conjunctivitis, typically leads to blindness.

Front 89

Anacusis

Back 89

Deafness. Not hearing loss, total deafness.

Front 90

NIHL

Back 90

Noise induced hearing loss

Front 91

Slit lamp examination (SLE)

Back 91

Stereoscopic magnified view of the anterior eye structures in detail.

Front 92

Blepharoplasty

Back 92

Removal of fatty tissue above and below eye

Front 93

Cyclodialysis

Back 93

Formation of opening between anterior chamber and suprachoroidal space to drain aqueous humor in glaucoma

Front 94

Enucleation

Back 94

Removal of eye from orbit

Front 95

Mastoid antrotomy

Back 95

Surgical opening of a cavity within mastoid process.

Front 96

Phacoemulsification

Back 96

Ultrasonic waves to treat cataracts by disintegrating cloudy lens and placing artificial lens

Front 97

Radial keratotomy

Back 97

Incision of cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism.

Front 98

Sclerostomy

Back 98

Surgical opening of Sclera/anterior chamber to relieve pressure due to glaucoma

Front 99

Caloric stimulation test

Back 99

Different water temps used to assess vestibular portion of nerve of inner ear to determine if nerve damage is cause of vertigo. Eyes move in predictable pattern, except with acoustic nerve damage.

Front 100

Electronystagography

Back 100

ENG, method of adding and recording eye movements by monitoring electrical activity of extra ocular muscles

Front 101

Gonioscopy

Back 101

Exam of angle of anterior chamber of eye to determine ocular motility and rotation to diagnose/manage glaucoma

Front 102

Ophthalmoscopy

Back 102

Visual exam of eye

Front 103

Pneumatic otoscopy

Back 103

Air pressure applied to eardrum to assess movement

Front 104

Retinoscopy

Back 104

Eval of defective errors, determining movement of reflection of light.

Front 105

Tonometry

Back 105

Tension, measurement. Depresses cornea to detect glaucoma

Front 106

Rinne tuning fork test

Back 106

Bone conduction vs air conduction difference?

Front 107

Weber tuning fork test

Back 107

Bone conduction in both ears, comparison.

Front 108

Dacryocystography

Back 108

Radiographic imaging procedure of nasolacrimal gland and ducts. Used to find cause of epiphora.

Front 109

Fluorescein angiography

Back 109

Evaluation of blood vessels beneath retina after injection of dye.

Front 110

Tobramycin

Back 110

Antibiotic to treat conjunctivitis.

Front 111

Timolol, acetazolamide

Back 111

Antiglaucoma agents, decrease aqueous humor production.

Front 112

Mydriatics

Back 112

Atropine sulfate. Disrupts nerve supply to eye. Dilate the eye.

Front 113

Tetrahydrozoline

Back 113

Decreases redness in eye. Visine.

Front 114

Moisturizers

Back 114

Soothe dry eye

Front 115

Ear antiemetics

Back 115

To prevent nausea/dizziness. Meclizine.

Front 116

Otic analgesics

Back 116

Antipyrine, benzocaine, pain relievers for ear

Front 117

Carbamide peroxide

Back 117

Removal of impacted cerumen