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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Name the scientific process from which modern organisms descended from ancient ones.
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evolution
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2. Who is given credit for the above scientific process?
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Charles Darwin
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3. Name the ship on which this scientist sailed around the world for 5 years.
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H.M.S. Beagle
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4. Name two geologists that influenced the ideas of this world traveler by stating that “earth must be millions of years old” and “processes that shaped the past earth still occur today.”
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Hutton & Lyell
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5. Name the first scientist who claimed that “living things change over time” and “acquired traits could be inherited.”
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Lamarck
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6. Which of the above claims met a considerable amount of controversy and was eventually disproven?
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acquired traits are inherited
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7. Name the economist who stated that an unchecked, human population would eventually run out of food and living space.
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Malthus
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8. Name the famous publication by Charles Darwin.
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On The Origin Of Species
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9. What famous islands off the west coast of South America provided a lot of supporting evidence for Darwin’s theory?
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Galapagos
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10. Name two primary organisms he studied.
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turtles and finches
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11. What was true about the organisms on the different islands?
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similar, but distinctly different
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12. This made Darwin wonder if animals on different islands once belonged to the _________ species.
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same
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13. Name the mechanism for evolution.
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natural selection
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14. What is it called when humans select for desired variations in organisms?
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artificial selection (selective breeding)
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15. If humans could select traits in organisms in a relatively short period of time, then __________ might be able to accomplish a similar change over the long term.
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nature
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16. For most animal organisms, more offspring are born than can _____________.
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survive
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17. This creates_______________ for available resources.
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competition
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18. Therefore, which organisms survive?
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the fittest…those best adapted to the environment
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19. How do organisms that survive continue their existence?
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reproduce
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20. In conclusion, nature selects the traits that get _____________ by the next generation of a population.
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inherited
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21. Evidence of evolution is supported by the fact that _________ indicate different organisms have lived on the earth in the past and are now extinct.
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fossils
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22. What is descent with modification?
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principle stating that living species have descended for ancestors but with changes
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23. Evidence of evolution is also shown when different species on different continents develop similar structures/behaviors because of the ___________________ in which they live.
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ecosystem
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24. Anatomical similarities in slightly related organisms are called _____________ ____________.
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homologous structures
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25. Structures that once served a purpose but are no longer needed are called…
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vestigial
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26. Name the scientists who confirmed natural selection in a span of a few decades on the Galapagos Islands.
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Grants
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27. What organism did they study?
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ground finches
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28. What did they find?
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beak size increased
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29. What environmental event drove the selection process?
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climate change (specifically moisture…droughts)
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