Chapter 16 And 17 Note Cards

Front 1

Joseph Stalin

Back 1

In Russia, hopes of Democracy gave way to civil war, resulting in the establishment of a communist state, officially called the Soviet Union, in 1922. After Lenin died in 1924, Joseph Stalin, whose last name means "man of steel," took control of the country. Stalin focused on creating a model communist state.

Front 2

5 year plan

Back 2

Was a series of of nation-wide centralized exercise in rapid economic development in the Soviet Union. The plans were developed by a state planning committee based on the Theory of Productive Forces that was part of the general guidelines of the Communist Party for economic development.

Front 3

Collectivization

Back 3

The political principle of centralized social and economic control, example like all means of production.

Front 4

Great Purge

Back 4

Was to purge, or eliminate, anyone who threatened his power, Stalin did not spare even his most faithful supporters.

Front 5

Totalitarian

Back 5

Government that tried to exert complete control over its citizens. In a totalitarian state, individuals have no rights, and the government suppresses all opposition.

Front 6

Benito Mussolini

Back 6

Was establishing a totalitarian regime in Italy, where unemployment and inflation produced bitter strikes, some communist led.

Front 7

Fascism

Back 7

stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals.

Front 8

Adolf Hitler

Back 8

Had followed a path to power similar to Mussolini's. At the end of WW1, Hitler had been a jobless soldier drifting around Germany.

Front 9

Nazism

Back 9

Hitler set forth the basic beliefs of Nazism that became the plan of action for the Nazi Party.

Front 10

Lebensraum

Back 10

additional territory considered by a nation. Nazi Germany, to be necessary for national survival or for the expansion of trade

Front 11

Mein Kampf

Back 11

Was to secure for the German people the land and soil to which they are entitles on this earth, even if this could be accomplished only by the might of a victorious sword

Front 12

Rome-Berlin Axis Pact

Back 12

The war forged a close relationship between the German and Italian Dictators, who signed a formal alliance known as the Rome-Berlin Axis

Front 13

Francisco Franco

Back 13

He rebelled against the Spanish republic. Revolts broke out all over Spain, and the Spanish Civil War began.

Front 14

Manchuria

Back 14

A Chinese providence that the Japanese took over in 1931

Front 15

Neutrality Acts

Back 15

The first two acts outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war

Front 16

Neville Chamberlain

Back 16

Was a British prime minister who met with Hitler to try to avoid war

Front 17

Winston Churchill

Back 17

signed the Munich Agreement, Daladier and Chamberlain had adopted a shameful policy.

Front 18

Appeasement

Back 18

or giving up principles to pacify an aggressor

Front 19

Munich pact

Back 19

was signed by Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill.

Front 20

Non-Aggression Pact

Back 20

as tension rose over Poland, Stalin surprised everyone by signing this.

Front 21

Blitzkrieg

Back 21

was a fleet of airplanes for Hitlers army

Front 22

Charles deGaulle

Back 22

fled to England, where he set up a government-in-exile

Front 23

Holocaust

Back 23

the mass extermination of Jews by the Nazi party

Front 24

Nuremberg Laws

Back 24

the court proceedings held in Nuremberg Germany, which Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes

Front 25

Anti-Semitism

Back 25

discrimination against or prejudice or hostility towards Jews

Front 26

Kristallnacht

Back 26

Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany.

Front 27

Final Solution

Back 27

Hitler's final solution rested on the belief that Aryans were a superior people and that the strength and purity of this master race must be preserved

Front 28

Untermenschen

Back 28

.... not in the book

Front 29

Concentration Camps

Back 29

these were used to hold people against their wills and the Nazis used the Jews for work and they were not fed very well and mistreated.

Front 30

Auschwitz

Back 30

one of the largest concentration camps also an extermination camp which they killed Jews

Front 31

Genocide

Back 31

the deliberate and systematic extermination of a nation, racial, political, or cultural group

Front 32

Cash and Carry

Back 32

provision that allowed warring nations to buy U.S arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships.

Front 33

Axis Powers

Back 33

was Germany, Italy, and Japan

Front 34

Tripartite Pact

Back 34

Germany, Italy, and Japan signed this to create the axis powers which was an alliance between these countries

Front 35

Wendell Wilkie

Back 35

he supported Roosevelt's policy of aiding Britain

Front 36

Lend-Lease Plan

Back 36

Isolationists argued bitterly against the plan, but most Americans favored it , and Congress passed it.

Front 37

Wolf Packs

Back 37

a group of submarines operating together and hunting down and attacking enemy convoys

Front 38

Atlantic Charter

Back 38

both countries pledged the following: collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas.

Front 39

Hideki Tojo

Back 39

chief of staff of Japans Kwantung Army, launched the invasion into China.

Front 40

Pearl Harbor

Back 40

was a harbor of Hawaii which was bombed by Japanese airplanes which attacked American boats

Front 41

Selective Service

Back 41

is a draft that took place and took in 10 million soldiers to meet the armed forces needs

Front 42

George Marshall

Back 42

pushed for the formation of the WAAC

Front 43

WAAC

Back 43

Women's Auxiliary Army Corps

Front 44

Hull 440

Back 44

was a famous ship because it was just built in 4 days

Front 45

A Phillip Randolph

Back 45

president and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the nation's most respected African American labor leader

Front 46

OSRD

Back 46

Office of Scientific Research and Development to bring scientists into the war effort

Front 47

Manhattan Project

Back 47

became a code name for research work that extended across the country

Front 48

OPA

Back 48

Office of Price Administration who fought inflation by freezing prices of most goods

Front 49

WPB

Back 49

War Production Board assumed that responsibility for resources received by industries

Front 50

Rationing

Back 50

or establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military

Front 51

The Battle of the Atlantic

Back 51

was to prevent food and war materials from reaching Great Britain and the Soviet Union

Front 52

Battle of Stalingrad

Back 52

in defending Stalingrad , the Soviets lost a total of 1,100,000 soldiers more than all American deaths during the entire war

Front 53

Dwight Eisenhower

Back 53

commanded Operation Torch, an invasion of Axis- controlled North Africa

Front 54

Anzio

Back 54

was a bloody fight fought less than 40 miles from Rome left about 25,00 allied and 30,000 axis casualties

Front 55

Nisei

Back 55

refers to American citizens whose parents had emigrated from Japan

Front 56

Tuskegee Airmen

Back 56

won two Distinguished Unit Citations for their outstanding aerial combat against the German Luftwaffe

Front 57

D Day

Back 57

June 6, 1944, the first day of the invasion. shortly after midnight , three divisions parachuted down behind German lines

Front 58

Omar Bradley

Back 58

unleashed massive air and land bombardment against the enemy at St. Lo , providing a gap in the German line of defense

Front 59

George Patton

Back 59

and his Third Army could advance. On August 23, Patton and the Third Army reached Seine

Front 60

Battle of the Bulge

Back 60

as the Germans swept westward, they captured 120 American GI's near Malmedy

Front 61

V-E Day

Back 61

victory in Europe Day. The war in Europe was Finally over

Front 62

Harry Truman

Back 62

April 12, 1945 he became the nation's 33rd president

Front 63

Douglas MacArthur

Back 63

was in command of allied forces on the islands

Front 64

Battle of Coral Sea

Back 64

during this battle the fighting was done by airplanes that took off from enormous aircraft carriers

Front 65

Battle of Midway

Back 65

was a turning point in the Pacific War

Front 66

Chester Nimitz

Back 66

the commander of American naval forces in the Pacific, moved to defend the island

Front 67

Guadalcanal

Back 67

marked Japan's first defeat on land

Front 68

Kamikazes

Back 68

or suicide-plane, attack in which Japanese pilots crashed their bomb-laden planes into allied ships

Front 69

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Back 69

was a disaster for Japan. In three days of battle, it lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13 cruisers and almost 500 planes.

Front 70

Iwo Jima

Back 70

means "sulfur island" in Japanese. More than 6,000 marines died taking this desolate island

Front 71

Okinawa

Back 71

in April 1945, U.S Marines invaded Okinawa. The Japanese unleashed more than 1,900 kamikaze attacks on the allies during the Okinawa campaign

Front 72

The Manhattan Project

Back 72

was a code name and the scientists created the atomic bomb

Front 73

J Robert Oppenheimer

Back 73

was an American Scientist that helped develop the nuclear bomb

Front 74

Hiroshima

Back 74

an important military center. Forty-three seconds later, almost every building in the city collapsed into dust from the force of the blast

Front 75

Nagasaki

Back 75

the second atomic bomb dropped on this city code name Fat Man leveling half the city

Front 76

Yalta Conference

Back 76

a grueling 8 days, the three leaders discussed the fate of their countries.

Front 77

Nuremberg Trials

Back 77

the defendants included Hitler's most trusted party officials, government ministers, military leaders, and powerful industrialists.