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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who introduced double-helical model for the sctructure of dna
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francis crick 1953 |
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Transformation
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change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign dna
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Bacteriophages
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virus is dna enclosed by protective coat |
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Chargaffs Rules
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-in any speces the number of a nd t are equal and c and g are equal |
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Double helox
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two strand of dna |
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Antiparallel
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DNA sugar-phosphate backbones (nitrogenous base pairs) where their subunits run in opposite direction |
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Semi-Conservative Model
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Watson and Crick's model of replication predicts that when a double helix replicates, each daughter molecule will have one old strand and one new |
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Origins of relplication
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site where replication of dna begins. where the 2 dna strands are separated, opening up a replication bubble |
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Replication Fork
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y-shaped region at the end of each replication bubble where new DNA strands are elongating |
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Helicases
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enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks
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Single Strand building protiens
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bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA |
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Topoisomerase
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corrects over-winding ahead of forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands |
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DNA Polymerases
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Enzymes that catalyze the elongation of new dna at a replication fork |
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Primer
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short RNA that is the Initial nucleotide strand in Polymerase |
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primase
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an enzyme that starts an rna chain from scratch and adds rna nucleotides one at a time using the parental dna as a template |
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Leading Strand
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synthesized by the dna polymerase that moves continuously to the replication fork |
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Lagging Strand
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used to elongate the other new strand by working in the direction away from the replication fork |
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Okazaki Fragments and DNA ligase
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the lagging strand is synthesized by a series of segments called Okazaki Fragments and are joined together by DNA ligase |
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Mismatch Repair
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repair enzymes in DNA correct errors in base pairing |
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Nucleotide Excision Repair
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A nucleus cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA |
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Telomeres
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chromosomes dna molecules |
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telomerase
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enzymes that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in germ cells |
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Nucleoid
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Region of the cell where dna is super-coiled |
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Chromatin
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a complex in a euk. cell where dna is precisely combined with protiens |
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Euchromatin
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Loosely packed chromatin (during interphase) |
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Heterochromatin
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A few regions of chromatin that are highly condensed in interphase |
