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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Orientations that locate objects of thought on dimensions of judgment.
Attitudes
Inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others’ behavior, and their own behavior.
Attributions
A paradoxical social phenomenon in which people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone.
Bystander effect
The medium through which a message is sent.
Channel
Transitions in youngsters’ patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving.
Cognitive development
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one’s identity in terms of the groups one belongs to.
Collectivism
An intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise.
Commitment
Warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one’s own.
Companionate love
The tendency for people to yield to real or imagined social pressure.
Conformity
The tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way.
Defensive attribution
Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group.
Discrimination
Ascribing the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints.
External attributions
Getting people to agree to a small request to increase the chances that they will agree to a larger request later.
Foot-in-the-door technique
Observers’ bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others’ behavior.
Fundamental attribution error
Two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent.
Group
The strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself.
Group cohesiveness
A phenomenon that occurs when group discussion strengthens a group’s dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction.
Group polarization
A process in which members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision.
Groupthink
A misperception that occurs when people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen.
Illusory correlation
Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.
Individualism
The group that people belong to and identify with.
Ingroup
Ascribing the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings.
Internal attributions
Positive feelings toward another.
Interpersonal attraction
Warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.
Intimacy
Getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before revealing the hidden costs.
Lowball technique
The idea that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners.
Matching hypothesis
The information transmitted by a source.
Message
A form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority.
Obedience
People who are not part of the ingroup.
Outgroup
A complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstasy of intense emotion.
Passionate love
The process of forming impressions of others.
Person perception
A negative attitude held toward members of a group.
Prejudice
The person to whom a message is sent.
Receiver
Liking those who show that they like you.
Reciprocity
The rule that people should pay back in kind what they receive from others.
Reciprocity norm
The tendency to attribute one’s successes to personal factors and one’s failures to situational factors.
Self-serving bias
A reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves.
Social loafing
The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.
Social psychology
Widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave.
Social roles
Organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people.
Social schemas
The person who sends a communication.
Source
Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group.
Stereotypes