Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Cerebral commissures
|
Tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
|
|
|
Lateralization of function
|
The unequal representation of various psychological functions in the two hemispheres of the brain.
|
|
|
Split-brain patients
|
Comissurotomized patients
|
|
|
Commissurotomy
|
Surgical severing of the cerebral commissures.
|
|
|
Aphasia
|
A brain-damage-produced deficit in the ability to use or comprehend language.
|
|
|
Broca's area
|
The are of the inferior prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere hypothesized by Broca to be the center of speech production
|
|
|
Apraxia
|
A disorder in which patients have great difficulty performing movements when asked to do so out of context but can readily perform them spontaneously in natural situations
|
|
|
Dominant hemisphere
|
A term used in the past to refer to the left hemisphere, based on the incorrect assumption that the left hemisphere is dominant in all complex behavioral and cognitive activities
|
|
|
Minor hemisphere
|
A term used in the part to refer to the right hemisphere, based on the incorrect assumption that the left hemisphere is dominant.
|
|
|
Sodium amytal test
|
A test involving the anesthetization of first one cerebral hemisphere and then the other to determine which hemisphere plays the dominant role in language.
|
|
|
Dichotic listening test
|
A test of language lateralization in which two different sequences of three spoken digits are presented simultaneously, one to each ear, and the subject is asked to report all of the digits heard
|
|
|
Dextrals
|
Right-handers
|
|
|
Sinestrals
|
Left-handers
|
|
|
Corpus callosum
|
The largest cerebral commissure
|
|
|
Scotoma
|
An area of blindness produced by damage to, or disruption of, an area of the visual system
|
|
|
Cross-cuing
|
Nonneural communication between hemispheres that have been separated by commissurotomy.
|
|
|
Helping-hand phenomenon
|
The redirection of one hand of a split-brain patient by the other hand
|
|
|
Visual completion
|
The completion or filling in of a scotoma by the brain
|
|
|
Chimeric figures test
|
A test of visual completion in split-brain subjects that uses pictures composed of the left and right halves of two different faces.
|
|
|
Z lens
|
A contact lens that is opaque on one side (left or right) and thus allows visual input to enter only one hemisphere of a split-brain subject, irrespective of eye movement.
|
|
|
Interpreter
|
A hypothetical mechanism that is assumed to reside in the left hemisphere and that continuously assess patterns of events and tries to make sense of them.
|
|
|
Frontal operculum
|
The area of prefrontal cortex that in the left hemisphere is the location of Broca's area.
|
|
|
Planum temorale
|
An area of temporal lobe cortex that lies in the posterior region of the lateral fissure and, in the left hemisphere, roughly corresponds to Wernicke's area
|
|
|
Heschl's gyrus
|
The temporal lobe gyrus that is the location of primary auditory cortex
|
|
|
Motor theory of speech perception
|
The theory that the perception of speech involves activation of the same areas of the brain that are involved in the production of speech.
|
|
|
Wernicke's area
|
The area of the left temporal cortex hypothesized by Wernicke to be the center of language comprehension
|
|
|
Expressive
|
Pertaining to the generation of language; that is, pertaining to writing or talking
|
|
|
Broca's aphasia
|
A hypothetical disorder of speech production with no associated deficits in language comprehension.
|
|
|
Receptive
|
Pertaining to the comprehension of language and speech
|
|
|
Wernicke's aphasia
|
A hypothetical disorder of language comprehension with no associated deficits in speech production.
|
|
|
Arcuate fasciculus
|
The major neural pathway between Broca's area and Wernicke's area
|
|
|
Conduction aphasia
|
Aphasia that is thought to result from damage to the neural pathway between Broca's and Wernicke's area.
|
|
|
Angular gyrus
|
The gyrus of the posterior cortex at the boundary between the temporal and parietal lobes, which in the left hemisphere is though to play a role in reading
|
|
|
Alexia
|
A specific inability to read; one that does not result from general visual, motor, or intellectual
|
|
|
Agraphia
|
A specific inability to write; one that doesn't result from general visual, motor, or intellectual deficits.
|
|
|
Wernicke-Geschwind model
|
An influential model of cortical language localization in the left hemisphere
|
|
|
Global aphasia
|
Sever disruption of all language-related abilities
|
|
|
Phoneme
|
The smallest unit of sound that distinguishes among various words in a language
|
|
|
Phonological analysis
|
Analysis of the sound of language
|
|
|
Grammatical analysis
|
Analysis of the structure of language
|
|
|
Semantic analysis
|
Analysis of the meaning of language
|
|
|
Dyslexia
|
A pathological difficulty in reading, one that doesn't result from general visual, motor, or intellectual deficits.
|
|
|
Developmental dyslexias
|
Dyslexias that become apparent when a child tries to learn to read but has little success.
|
|
|
Acquired dyslexias
|
Dyslexias caused by brain damage in people already capable of reading
|
|
|
Lexical procedure
|
A procedure for reading aloud that is based on specific stored information acquired about written words
|
|
|
Phonetic procedure
|
A procedure for reading aloud that involves the recognition of letters and the application of a language's rules of pronunciation
|
|
|
Surface dyslexia
|
A reading disorder in which the lexical procedure is disrupted while the phonetic procedure is not
|
|
|
Deep dyslexia
|
A reading disorder in which the phonetic procedure is disrupted while the lexical procedure is not
|
|
|
Hemispherectomy
|
The removal of one cerebral hemisphere
|
