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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transformation
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a change in geno and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell
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bacteria phages
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a virus that infects bacteria; see phage
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double helix
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the form of native DNA, referring to its 2 adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape
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semiconservative model
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type of DNA replication where the replicated double helix consists of 1 old strand derived from the 1 old molecule and the 1 newly made strand
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origins of replication
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sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins
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replication fork
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a y shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing
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DNA polymerases
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an enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain
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leading strand
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the new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the temple strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction
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lagging strand
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a discontinuously synthezised DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork
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DNA ligase
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a linking enzyme essential for DNA replication catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain
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primer
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an already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis
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primase
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an enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer
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helicase
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an enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication fork
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single strand binding protein
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during DNA replication, molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while the DNA strands serve as templates for the synthesis of complimentary strands of DNA
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mismatch repair
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the cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides
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nuclease
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a team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides
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nucleotid excision repair
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the process of removig and then correctly replacing a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged straind as a guide
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telomeres
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the protective structure at each end of a eucharyotic chromosome specifically the tandemily repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule
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telomerase
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an enzyme that catalyzes the lengthning of telomeres. Enzyme includes a molecule of RNA that serves as a template for new telomere segments
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