Chapter 16 &17, Biology

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archaea

Back 1

domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and genetically distinct from bacteria

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bacteria

Back 2

domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and genetically distinct from archaea

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coccus

Back 3

a spherical bacterium

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bacillus

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a rod-shaped bacterium

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spirochete

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member of a group of large spiral-shaped bacteria

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binary fission

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mode of prokaryote asexual reproduction in which each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent cell's chromosome

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endospore

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dormant cell formed by certain bacteria that can survive very harsh conditions

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cyanobacteria

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group of prokaryotes that generate oxygen as a waste product of their photosynthesis

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bioremediation

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use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air, and soil

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pathogen

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a disease-causing organism or virus

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lytic cycle

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a viral reproductive cycle where copies of a virus are made inside a host cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses

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lysogenic cycle

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a viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the host cell's DNA and is copied along with the host cell's DNA

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retrovirus

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member of a group of viruses such as HIV that carry reverse transcriptase, that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template

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vaccine

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dose of a disabled or destroyed pathogen (or part of a pathogen) used to stimulate a long-term immune defense against the pathogen

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protozoan

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animal-like protist; is a heterotroph

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alga

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plant-like protist that makes its own food by photosynthesis and is aquatic

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protist

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eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, a plant, or a fungus

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zooflagellate

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member of a group of protozoans that move using one or more flagella

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pseudopodium

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temporary extension of a cell's cytoplasm and plasma membrane; used by certain protozoans in movement and feeding

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foram

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member of a group of marine protozoans with porous shells made of organic material and calcium carbonate

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ciliate

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member of a group of protozoans that move and feed by means of hairlike projections

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plasmodial slime mold

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member of a group of fungus-like protists that grows in a branching pattern

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plasmodium

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mass of cytoplasm, undivided by membranes or cell walls and containing many nuclei; characteristic of certain protists

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sporangia

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reproductive structures on a plasmodial slime mold; spore-forming structures at the tips of fungal hyphae

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cellular slime mold

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protist with both unicellular and multicellular stages in its life cycle; is a decomposer

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euglenoid

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member of a group of unicellular photosynthetic protists with one or two flagella and no cell wall

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dinoflagellate

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member of a group of unicellular, photosynthetic algae with cell walls made of cellulose and having two flagella

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plankton

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mostly microscopic organisms that drift or swim near the surface of ponds, lakes, and oceans

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phytoplankton

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microscopic algae and cyanobacteria that carry out photosynthesis

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zooplankton

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microscopic animals that swim or drift near the surface of aquatic environments

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diatom

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member of a group of unicellular algae with glasslike cell walls

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seaweed

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a large, multicellular marine alga

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endosymbiosis

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process by which eukaryotic cells may have evolved from small symbiotic prokaryotes that lived within other, larger host cells