Chapter 16, 17, 18 And 19

Front 1

ICA branches

Back 1

Ophthalmic Artery and posterior communicating artery

Front 2

ICA terminates

Back 2

In middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery

Front 3

ECA branches

Back 3

8 major branches

1st superior thyroid artery

Facial artery, superficial temporal artery

Front 4

Vertebral Arteries form

Back 4

Basilar artery

Front 5

Basilar artery divides inti

Back 5

Posterior cerebral arteries

Front 6

Circle of Willis

Back 6

Largest intra-arterial connection

Front 7

Vertebrobasilar system

Back 7

Front 8

Supraorbital artery arises from

Back 8

Ophthalmic Artery and joins with ECA via some of it's branches

Front 9

Frontal artery arises from

Back 9

Ophthalmic Artery; exits orbits medially to supply mid forehead;joins ECA via some of its branches

Front 10

Anastomoses include

Back 10

ECA-ICA via orbital and ophthalmic arteries

Occipital branch of ECA w/ Atlantic branch of vertebral

Front 11

Bernoulli principle

Back 11

Total fluid energy along a streamline of fluid flow is constant

Front 12

Transient ischemic attack

Back 12

Fleeting neurological dysfunction;symptoms last <24 hrs;usually embolic from heart or carotid artery

Front 13

Resolving ischemic neurologic deficit

Back 13

(RIND) symptoms last >24hrs; complete recover usually occurs

Front 14

Cerebrovascular accident

Back 14

(CVA) symptoms last >24hrs; complete recovery does not occur

Front 15

Atheromatous

Back 15

Form of arteriosclerosis; localized accumulations

Front 16

Types of atheromatous

Back 16

Fatty streak:thin layer in intimal

Fibrous plaque

Complicated lesion

Ulcerative lesion: deterioration of normally smooth surface; may result in emboli

Intra-plaque hemorrhage: sonolucent area w/in plaque

Front 17

Types of atheromatous

Back 17

Fatty streak:thin layer in intimal

Fibrous plaque

Complicated lesion

Ulcerative lesion: deterioration of normally smooth surface; may result in emboli

Intra-plaque hemorrhage: sonolucent area w/in plaque

Front 18

Thromboembolic

Back 18

Obstruction of blood vessel by piece of thrombus

Front 19

Thrombus

Back 19

Large amounts of RBC's trapped w/in fibrin network

Front 20

Embolism

Back 20

Piece of thrombus breaks loose and travels distally until lodges in small vessel

Front 21

Aneurysm

Back 21

Localized dilation of blood vessel due to congenital defects or weakness of wall (trauma, infection or atherosclerosis)

Front 22

Dissection

Back 22

Results from sudden tear in intima; creates false lumen

Front 23

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Back 23

(FMD) most commonly caused by dysplasia of media along w/ overgrowth of collagen in mid/dist ICA; bead like appearance;often seen in young women

Front 24

Neointimal hyperplasia

Back 24

Intimal thickening from rapid production of smooth muscle cells; response to vascular injury/reconstruction (endarterectomy);significant stenosis may occur w/in 6-24 months

Front 25

Symptoms w/ ICA lesions

Back 25

Unilateral paresis, unilateral paresthesia, aphasia, amaurosis fugax

Front 26

Symptoms w/ MCA lesions

Back 26

Aphasia or dysphasia, more severe facial and arm hemiparesis or hemiplegia, behavioral changes

Front 27

Symptoms w/ ACA lesions

Back 27

More severe leg hemiparesis or hemiplegia, incontinence, loss of coordination

Front 28

Paresis

Back 28

Weakness or slight paralysis on one side of body

Front 29

Paresthesia

Back 29

Prickling or tingling of skin

Front 30

Aphasia

Back 30

Inability to speak

Front 31

Amaurosis fugax

Back 31

Temporary, partial or total blindness usually of one eye

Front 32

Dysphasia

Back 32

Impairment of ability to communicate

Front 33

Hemiparesis

Back 33

Weakness on one side of body

Front 34

Hemiplegia

Back 34

Paralysis on one side of body

Front 35

Symptoms w/ vertebrobasilar lesion

Back 35

Vertigo, ataxia, bilateral visual blurring or double vision, bilateral paresthesia or anesthesia, drop attack

Front 36

Symptoms w/ PCA lesion

Back 36

Dyslexia, coma

Front 37

Ataxia

Back 37

Muscular uncoordination

Front 38

ICA Doppler signal

Back 38

High pitched and continuous; rapid upstroke and down stroke with high diastolic component

Front 39

ECA doppler signal

Back 39

Pulsatile; rapid upstroke and down stroke with low flow diastole, dicrotic notch

Front 40

50-79% stenosis

Back 40

PSV >125

EDV <140

Front 41

80-99% stenosis

Back 41

PSV >125

EDV >140

Front 42

Surgery w/ ICA/CCA ratio

Back 42

>4

Front 43

Criteria determining occlusion

Back 43

CCA mat have very low or absent diastolic flow; evidence of collateralization (ECA exhibit high flow in end diastole); absent ICA Doppler signal or pre-occlusive thump

Front 44

Ways to increase PRF/Nyquist limit

Back 44

Decrease baseline; increase scale; change frequency; alter angle; decrease depth; use CW

Front 45

Mirror imaging

Back 45

Doppler shifts above and below baseline; turn down gain or change angle of isonation

Front 46

Helical Flow

Back 46

Occurs when Flow moves into wider portion of vessel; Doppler shifts above and below baseline; spectral broadening present

Front 47

Intraoperative monitoring

Back 47

Identify defects secondary to surgery or areas of platelet aggregation; use >12 MHz transducer

Front 48

If flow in ACA is antegrade

Back 48

Getting flow from anterior communicating artery

Front 49

If increased flow in PCA

Back 49

Reversing direction of flow in posterior communicating artery

Front 50

Temporal arteritis

Back 50

Inflammation of arterial wall

Front 51

Calculating diameter reduction

Back 51

(1-(d/D)x100=%