Chapter 16, 17, 18, 19 Biology

Front 1

Evolution

Back 1

process of change over time

Front 2

What is the order of the classification system including seven hierarchiacal?

Back 2

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Front 3

What are the six kingdoms in order from OLDEST to YOUNGEST?

Back 3

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Front 4

Speciation

Back 4

the formation of a new species

Front 5

What causes the need for speciation?

Back 5

when populations become reproductively isolated, plus speciation is purposed for one species to divide or give rise to new species.

Front 6

How old is the earth?

Back 6

4.5 billion years

Front 7

phylogeny

Back 7

the study of how living and extinct organisms are related to one another

Front 8

Whats the goal of phylogenetic systematics?

Back 8

is to group species into larger categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent, rather than overall similarities and differences

Front 9

cladogram

Back 9

a diagram that links groups of organisms by showing how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestors (shows how related we are)

Front 10

acquired characteristics

Back 10

traits altered by an individual organism during its life

Front 11

What did Malthus reason about?

Back 11

that human population grew unchecked, there wasnt enough living space and food for everyone

Front 12

What were some solutions to Malthus's reasoning?

Back 12

war, famine, and disease

Front 13

artificial selection

Back 13

nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful (cows+pigs)

Front 14

Which guy was it that pushed Darwin into publishing his work?

Back 14

Wallace.

Front 15

adaption

Back 15

organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its enviroment

Front 16

fitness

Back 16

describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its enviroment

Front 17

Natural selection

Back 17

the process by which organisms with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring.

Front 18

common descent

Back 18

all species-living and extinct- are descended from common ancestors

Front 19

analogous structures

Back 19

body parts that share common function, but not structures

Front 20

vestigial structures

Back 20

inherited from ancestors but have lost much or all of their original function due to different selection pressures acting on the descendant

Front 21

radiometric dating

Back 21

method for determining the age of a sample from the amount of radioactive isotope to the nonradioactive isotope of the same element in a sample

Front 22

precambrian

Back 22

largest "era"

Front 23

Era

Back 23

major division of geologic time; usually divided into two or more periods

Front 24

mass exinction

Back 24

an event during which many species become extinct over a relatively short period of time

Front 25

Whats the cause of a mass extinction?

Back 25

because their environment breaks down and the ordinary process of natural selection can compensate quickly enough

Front 26

convergent

Back 26

look alike, but not related

Front 27

adaptive

Back 27

does not look alike, but is related