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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
mold
Type of fossil that is essentially and imprint in rock in the shape of an organism.
cast
Molds that are filled with hard minerals. A rocklike model of the organism.
law of superposition
states that successive layers of rock or soil were deposited on top of on another by wind or water.
stratum
a layer of earth
relative age
stating that a fossil is younger or older than another fossil using steno's law.
absolute age
It's age in years. estimated from the amount of sediment deposited above the fossil.
extinct
dissappeared after living for a while
mas extinctions
brief periods during which large numbers of species disappeared.
biogeography
The study of the geographical distribution of fossils and of living organisms.
aquired trait
a trait that is not determined by genes.
natural selection
organisms best suited to their environment reproduce more successfully than other organisms.
population
interbreeding single-species group
uniformitarianism
the geological structure of Earth resulted from cycles of observable processes and that these same processes operate continuously through time.
adapt
their proportion of genes for favorable traits increase.
fitness
a single organism's genetic contribution to the next generation
adaptive advantage
A favorable trait
homologous
similar features that originated in a shared ancestor.
analogous
serve identical functions, and look somewhat alike. have different embryological development though and can be different in internal anatomy
vestigial
useless features
conserved
remained unchanged.
coevolution
the change of two or more species in close association with each other.
convergent evolution
organisms that appear to be very similar but are not closely related at all.
divergent evolution
two or more related populations or species become more and more dissimilar.
adaptive radiation
many related species evolve from a single ancestral species.
artificial selection
speeding up the process of divergence artificially.