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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are a few historical treatments of psychological disorders:
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- Drug-induced comas
- Extensive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Sensory deprivation - LSD - Lobotomies |
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Define Psychotherapy:
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The diverse approaches used in the treatment of mental disorder and psychological problems
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What are the 3 main classifications of Psychotherapy:
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- Insight Therapies - "Talk Therapy"
- Behaviour Therapies - Changing overt behaviour - Biomedical Therapies - Biological functioning interventions |
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Who provides aid for those in need of psychiatric help?
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- Clinical psychologists
- Counseling psychologists - Psychiatrists - Clinical social workers - Psychiatric nurses - Counsellors |
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Define insight therapies:
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Enhance self-knowledge and promote healthful changes in personality and behaviour.
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List a few psychoanalysis techniques:
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- Free association
- Dream analysis - Interpretation - Resistance - Transference |
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Define Free Association:
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Spontaneously express thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur
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Define Dream Analysis:
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Therapist interprets the symbolic meaning ofthe client’s dreams
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Define Interpretation:
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Therapist’s attempts to explain the inner significance
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Define Resistance:
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Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy
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Define Transference:
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Unconsciously relating to therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives
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What is client centred therapy?
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Emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients.
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What are Carl Rogers Techniques to client centred therapy?
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- Therapeutic Climate
- Therapists and clients work together as equals - Therapists key task = clarification of feelings |
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What is positive psychology?
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Increase understanding of positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
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Discuss Group Therapy:
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- Simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group
- Clients discuss problems, share experiences, and trade viewpoints - Effective finically and normalizes problems with social support |
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Define Behaviour Therapies:
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- Application of learning principles to direct efforts to change client’s maladaptive behaviours.
- Do not care about the underlying cause of difficulties |
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Define flooding in terms of behaviour therapies:
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Intense exposure to feared stimuli
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Discuss Systematic Desensitization:
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- Create an anxiety hierarchy
- Relaxation skills - Work through hierarchy Behaviourists argue that many phobic responses are acquired through classical conditioning. Systematic desensitization targets the conditioned associated between phobic stimuli and fear responses. |
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What are a few behaviour therapy techniques?
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- Aversion therapy: Using classical conditioning to pair an aversive stimulus with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response
- Social skill training: A behavioural therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills by emphasizing modelling, behavioural rehearsal and shaping |
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What is the goal of cognitive therapy?
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To correct patterns of maladaptive thoughts that underlie various types of disorders.
Change the way the client thinks |
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What are some techniques of cognitive therapy:
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- Detecting and recognizing negative thoughts
- Identifying emotions - Reality testing (finding evidence for and against thought) |
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Define Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT):
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Combination of insight and behaviour therapy
Goal: Target maladaptive thought patterns and use behavioural modification techniques |
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What are some CBT techniques:
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- Detaching and recognizing negative thoughts and emotions
- Reality testing (finding evidence for and against thought) - Behavioural "homework assignments" focused on changing overt behaviours |
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What are the goals of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT):
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- Normalize emotions and thoughts
- Clarify personal values - Take action |
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Discuss ACT Techniques:
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- Discussion: Discover valued direction
- Identify and accept thoughts and feelings: - Pushing vs. holding piece of paper - Highway billboards - Tree house exercise - Action: Behaviour modification (“feel the fear and do itanyway”) |
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Psychopharmacothercy: Antianxiety
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Relieve tension, apprehension, andnervousness
- Benzodiazepine Family (Valium, Xanax, etc) - Side Effects: drowsiness, depression, nausea, confusion. - Addiction and Withdrawal |
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Psychopharmacothercy: Antipsychotic
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Gradually reduce psychotic symptoms
- Thorazine, Mellaril, Haldol - Side Effects: Tardive dyskinesia - New Generation: Clozapine |
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Psychopharmacothercy: Antidepressants
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Gradually elevatesmood
- Tricyclics, - MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - Seratonine Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI) |
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Psychopharmacothercy: Mood Stabilizers
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Managing Bioplar
- Lithium - Valproic acid |
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Evaluating Drug Therapies
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Pros
- Effective with the most severe disorders Cons - May not be as effective as advertised - Over-prescription - Side effects - Financial arrangements with pharmaceuticalcompanies – are we getting the truth? |
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Discuss Electroconvulsive Therapy
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- Electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions
- Controversial treatment - Effective for Depression - Risks: short term memory loss and impaired attention |
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What makes therapysuccessful?
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1.) Pre-contemplation: no intention of change
2.) Contemplation: intention of change within 6 months 3.) Preparation: intention of action in immediate future 4.) Action: have made specific behavioural modification within last 6 months 5.) Maintenance: Working to prevent relapse 6.) Termination: zero temptation |
