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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What gave most Europeans desire and ability to explore foreign lands?
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Scientific Revolution
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Technological advances enabled people to do 3 things
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travel
navigate the oceans protect themselves |
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What changes sparked European interest in the world beyond Europe and provided the opportunity to explore it?
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technology
economics politics society as a whole |
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A system of government where the ruler has total control of the state without needing to consult other leaders or representatives of the people
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absolute monarchy
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What opened up an era of exploration that lasted for the next 400 years?
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new routes to foreign places
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To compete with powerful Arab and local traders Europeans needed more
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avanced technology like-----
maps navigation instruments ships guns |
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What did Renaissance mapmakers add to mapmaking?
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info on Africa and Asia----their desire for pictorial accuracy improved mapmaking during the Renaissance
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What inspired sea captains opening up new worlds scarcely dreamed of before?
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New Maps----
the people thought it would be shorter from Europe to Asia going WEST across the Atlantic |
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Instrument used for navigational purposes, it includes a magnetized piece of metal that points to the north
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compass
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an important navigation instrument applied astromomy and geometry to navigation and allowed sailors to determine the relative apparent height of stars and planets---using this info they could calculate a ships latitude
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astrolabe
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a ships distance north or south of the equator
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latitude
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Prime Meridian is
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0 degrees Longitude
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Equator is
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0 degrees Latitude
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Who designed ships that could sail in deeper waters, against the wind and carry more people and cargo for long journeys?
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Spanish and Portuguese shipbuilders
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Long ships that carried most coastal trade --slaves strained at 50-60 oars that propelled it
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galleys
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What improvements were made to ships
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width reduced to proportion to their length
smaller and different shaped sails moved rudder from side to rear |
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a device for steering in a ship
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rudder
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Rear of ship is the
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stern
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What helped Europeans defeat the navies of their enemies?
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shipboard cannons and handguns carried by sailors
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How was naval warfare befor connons were used?
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Ramming and boarding and enemy vessel
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Period of changes in the European economy that were so extensive was called
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Commercial Revolution
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Developments of improved ways of doing bussiness
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use of money
services provided by banks |
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Who led the way in minting coins that had fixed value?
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Italy
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What encouaged the growth of international trade ,banking and investments also made economic transactions more reliable
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standardization of money
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Individual merchants combined their resources and raised money by selling stock in their new company
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Jont Stock Companies
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Who financed the explorations?
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monarchies
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What created a strong desire to explore, expand , and gain riches from overseas?
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Competition among nations and a desire for independence
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How could a country become more powerful than its rival?
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gaining riches from overseas exploration
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Who contributed to the Commerical Revolution and the growth of capitalism?
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Italian city-state
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Why did trade move from Mediterranean area and southern Germany to the Atlantic nations?
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Portugal, Spain , and France financed voyages and controlled exploration and the building of overseas empires
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A country's government had the responsibility to increase the country's wealth by whatever means necessary in order for all citizens to prosper is
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Mercantilism
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A country could get wealth by selling more goods than it bought in foreign countries thus creating a
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favorable trade balance
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What did a favorable balance of trade do for a country?
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strengthen it and weakened its rivals
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import taxes are
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tariffs
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To gain favorable balance of trade a nation could
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reduce amount of good imported by imposing tariffs
increase value of its exports |
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Government grants of money are called
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subsidies
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Why were Eruopean countries exploring new lands?
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they produced goods and provided resources to benefit the home country
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What motivated colonization?
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primarily mercantilism
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What stimulated the race to aquire overseas colonies
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desire for self-sufficiency
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What played an important part in mercantilism?
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colonies
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Role of colonies
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a nation could buy materials in its colony and avoid buying from a rival--money stayed in home nation and had complete control over its wealth.
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What was desired in a colonies?
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gold/silver
raw materials that could not be produced at home |
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How did home countries keep strict economic control of its colonies?
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Colonies were not allowed to buy foreign goods or sell their raw materials to anyone except the home country ---
colonist could not manufacture own goods -- had to buy from home county |
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Why did people want to settle overseas?
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population increase-crowded urban areas
fresh start quick profits religious persecution and spread Christianity |