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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What gave most Europeans desire and ability to explore foreign lands?
Scientific Revolution
Technological advances enabled people to do 3 things
travel
navigate the oceans
protect themselves
What changes sparked European interest in the world beyond Europe and provided the opportunity to explore it?
technology
economics
politics
society as a whole
A system of government where the ruler has total control of the state without needing to consult other leaders or representatives of the people
absolute monarchy
What opened up an era of exploration that lasted for the next 400 years?
new routes to foreign places
To compete with powerful Arab and local traders Europeans needed more
avanced technology like-----
maps
navigation instruments ships guns
What did Renaissance mapmakers add to mapmaking?
info on Africa and Asia----their desire for pictorial accuracy improved mapmaking during the Renaissance
What inspired sea captains opening up new worlds scarcely dreamed of before?
New Maps----
the people thought it would be shorter from Europe to Asia going WEST across the Atlantic
Instrument used for navigational purposes, it includes a magnetized piece of metal that points to the north
compass
an important navigation instrument applied astromomy and geometry to navigation and allowed sailors to determine the relative apparent height of stars and planets---using this info they could calculate a ships latitude
astrolabe
a ships distance north or south of the equator
latitude
Prime Meridian is
0 degrees Longitude
Equator is
0 degrees Latitude
Who designed ships that could sail in deeper waters, against the wind and carry more people and cargo for long journeys?
Spanish and Portuguese shipbuilders
Long ships that carried most coastal trade --slaves strained at 50-60 oars that propelled it
galleys
What improvements were made to ships
width reduced to proportion to their length
smaller and different shaped sails
moved rudder from side to rear
a device for steering in a ship
rudder
Rear of ship is the
stern
What helped Europeans defeat the navies of their enemies?
shipboard cannons and handguns carried by sailors
How was naval warfare befor connons were used?
Ramming and boarding and enemy vessel
Period of changes in the European economy that were so extensive was called
Commercial Revolution
Developments of improved ways of doing bussiness
use of money
services provided by banks
Who led the way in minting coins that had fixed value?
Italy
What encouaged the growth of international trade ,banking and investments also made economic transactions more reliable
standardization of money
Individual merchants combined their resources and raised money by selling stock in their new company
Jont Stock Companies
Who financed the explorations?
monarchies
What created a strong desire to explore, expand , and gain riches from overseas?
Competition among nations and a desire for independence
How could a country become more powerful than its rival?
gaining riches from overseas exploration
Who contributed to the Commerical Revolution and the growth of capitalism?
Italian city-state
Why did trade move from Mediterranean area and southern Germany to the Atlantic nations?
Portugal, Spain , and France financed voyages and controlled exploration and the building of overseas empires
A country's government had the responsibility to increase the country's wealth by whatever means necessary in order for all citizens to prosper is
Mercantilism
A country could get wealth by selling more goods than it bought in foreign countries thus creating a
favorable trade balance
What did a favorable balance of trade do for a country?
strengthen it and weakened its rivals
import taxes are
tariffs
To gain favorable balance of trade a nation could
reduce amount of good imported by imposing tariffs
increase value of its exports
Government grants of money are called
subsidies
Why were Eruopean countries exploring new lands?
they produced goods and provided resources to benefit the home country
What motivated colonization?
primarily mercantilism
What stimulated the race to aquire overseas colonies
desire for self-sufficiency
What played an important part in mercantilism?
colonies
Role of colonies
a nation could buy materials in its colony and avoid buying from a rival--money stayed in home nation and had complete control over its wealth.
What was desired in a colonies?
gold/silver
raw materials that could not be produced at home
How did home countries keep strict economic control of its colonies?
Colonies were not allowed to buy foreign goods or sell their raw materials to anyone except the home country ---
colonist could not manufacture own goods -- had to buy from home county
Why did people want to settle overseas?
population increase-crowded urban areas
fresh start
quick profits
religious persecution and spread Christianity