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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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personality
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An individual's distinct and relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, motives, and behaviors
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id
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in psychoanalysis, a primitive and unconscious part of personality that contains basic drives and operates according to the pleasure principle
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Pleasure principle
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The id's boundless drive for immediate gratification
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Superego
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the part of personality that consists of one's moral ideals and conscience
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Ego
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the part of personality that operates according to the reality principle and mediates the conflict between the id and superego
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Reality principle
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The ego's capacity to delay gratification
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psychosexual stages
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Freud's stages of personality development during which pleasure is derived from different parts of the body (oral, anal, phallic, and genital)
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Oedipus complex
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A tendency for young children to become sexually attracted to the parent of the opposite sex and hostile toward the parent of the same sex
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Identification
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The process by which children internalize their parent's values and form a superego
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fixation
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a tendency to get "locked in" at an early, immature stage of psychosexual development
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Defense mechanism
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unconscious method of minimizing anxiety by denying and distorting reality
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repression
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A defense mechanism in which personally threatening thoughts, memories, and impulses are banned from awareness
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Denial
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A primitive form of repression in which anxiety-filled external events are barred from awareness
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projection
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a DM in which people attribute or "project" their own unacceptable impulses onto others
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Reaction formation
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DM in which one converts an unacceptable feeling into its opposite.
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rationalization
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DM that involves making excuses for one's failures and shortcomings
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Sublimation
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The channeling of repressed sexual and aggressive urges into socially acceptable substitute outlets
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collective unconscious
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As proposed by Jung, a kind of memory bank that stores images and ideas that humans have accumlatedover the course of evolution
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Projective tests
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Psychoanalytic personality tests that allow people to "project" unconscious needs, wishes, and conflicts onto ambiguous stimuli
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Rorschach
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A projective personality test in which people are asked to report what they see in a set of inkblots
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Thematic Apperception TAT
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a projective personality test in which people are asked to make up stories from a set of ambiguous pictures
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Cognitive-social learning theory
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An approach to personality that focuses on social learning (modeling), acquired cognitive factors (expectancies, values) and the person-situation interaction
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Modeling
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The social-learning process by which behavior is observed and imitiated.
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Locus of control
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A term referring to the expectancy that one's reinforcets are generally controlled by internal or external factors
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Self-efficacy
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The belief that one is capable of performing the behaviors required to produce a desired outcome
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Reciprocal determinism
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The view that personality emerges from a mutal interaction of individuals, their actions, and their environments
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Humanistic theory
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An approach to personality that focuses on the self, subjective experience, and the capacity for fulfillment
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Unconditional positive regard
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A situation in which the acceptance and love one recieeves from significant others is unqualified
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Conditional positive regard
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A situation in which the acceptance and love one recieves from significant others is contingent upon one's behavior
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Self Schemas
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Specific beliefs about the self that influence how we interpret self-relevant information
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Self-esteem
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A positive or negative evaluation of the self
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Self-discrepancy theory
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The notion that discrepancies between one's self concept and "ideal" and "ought"selves have negative emotional consequences
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Self-actualization
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In humanistic personality theories, the need to fulfull one's unique potential
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Peak experience
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a fleeting but intense moment of self-actualization in which people feel happy, absorbed, and extraordinarily capable.
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trait
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A relatively stable predisposition to behave in a certain way
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Five factor model
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A model of personality that consists of five basic traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
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A large scale test designed to measure a multitude of psychological disorders and personality traits
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