Chapter 15: Nervous System

Front 1

encephalon

Back 1

located between the cerebrum and midbrain, it contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal glands; involved in controlling body temperature, sleep, appetite, blood pressure, and sexual activity

Front 2

meninges

Back 2

three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

Front 3

oculomotor

Back 3

movements of the eye

Front 4

trochlear

Back 4

muscles of the eye

Front 5

trigeminal

Back 5

facial movements

Front 6

abducens

Back 6

muscles of the eye turning the eye outward

Front 7

sympathetic

Back 7

the part of the autonomic nervous system assisting the body in emergencies, defense, and survival

Front 8

parasympathetic

Back 8

the part of the autonomic nervous system bringing body functions back to normal after a stressful situation has ended

Front 9

abscess (brain)

Back 9

secondary to infection in the body

Front 10

Alzheimer's disease

Back 10

characterized by confusion, restlessness, agnosia, speech disturbances, inability to carry out purposeful movements, and hallucinations; usually begins in later midlife with slight defects in memory and behavior

Front 11

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; progressive degenearation of the upper and lower motor neurons; usually fatal

Back 11

ALS

Front 12

Bell's palsy

Back 12

unilateral facial paralysis of sudden onset cause by lesion of the facial nerve; facial distortion

Front 13

cerebral palsy

Back 13

paralysis from developmental defects or trauma; symptoms appear before age 3, caused by nonprogressive damage to brain

Front 14

convulsion (seizure)

Back 14

an involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles; sudden disturbances in mental functions and body movements, some with loss of consciousness

Front 15

encephalitis

Back 15

inflammation of the brain

Front 16

hematoma

Back 16

blood "tumor" or clot; must be removed if large enough to cause pressure on the brain

Front 17

herpes zoster

Back 17

"shingles"; an acute inflammatory disease of cerebral or spinal nerve caused by viral infection; common in elderly adults

Front 18

Huntington's chorea (disease)

Back 18

ceaseless occurrence of rapid, jerky, involuntary movements; hereditary disease parked by chronic progressive chorea and mental deterioration

Front 19

hydrocephalus

Back 19

"water on the brain"; congenital or acquired condition marked by dilation of cerebral ventricles accompanied by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull; typically and enlargement of the head, prominence of the forehead, mental deterioration, and convulsions

Front 20

Korsakoff's syndrome

Back 20

an alcoholic psychosis with disorientation, progressing to complete amnesia

Front 21

meningocele OR myelomeningocele

Back 21

hernial protrusion of the meninges through a bone defect in the cranium or vertebral column

Front 22

multiple sclerosis; brain and cord contain areas of degenerated myelin; symptoms of lesions include weakness, incoordination, speech disturbances, and visual complaints

Back 22

MS

Front 23

myasthenia gravis; progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and muscle weakness; considered to be autoimmune

Back 23

MG

Front 24

neuropathy

Back 24

disease of cranial and peripheral nervous system; motor, sensory, and reflex impairment

Front 25

Parkinson's disease

Back 25

a slowly progressive, degenerative, neurologic disorder characterized by resting tremor

Front 26

poliomyelitis

Back 26

an acute viral disease with fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, and often stiffness of the neck and back; may be minor or major

Front 27

sciatica

Back 27

severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve; also pain radiating into the buttock and lower limb, most commonly caused by herniation of lumbar disk

Front 28

shunt

Back 28

to bypass, e.g., using a catheter to drain fluid from brain cavities to the spinal cord

Front 29

burr holes

Back 29

holes made with a drill creating openings in bone to permit access for biopsy, insertion of drains for relieving pressure, or for monitoring devices

Front 30

echoencephalogram

Back 30

use of ultrasound to show displacement of brain structures

Front 31

electroencephalogram; record of electrical activity of the brain

Back 31

EEG

Front 32

laminectomy

Back 32

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra to view the spinal cord or to relieve pressure

Front 33

rhizotomy (ri-zot-o-me)

Back 33

cutting the roots of spinal nerves to relieve insurable pain

Front 34

trephination

Back 34

drilling a hole in the skull to evacuate clots or inject air for diagnostic procedure

Front 35

vagotomy

Back 35

surgical transection of the fibers of the vagus nerve

Front 36

echolalia (ek'-o-la-le-ah)

Back 36

automatic repetition by a patient of what is said to him/her

Front 37

petite mal seizure

Back 37

minor seizure only lasting a few seconds; momentary clouding of consciousness; individual may or may not be aware of episode; more common in children

Front 38

aphasia

Back 38

loss of the ability to speak owing to injury or disease of the brain centers

Front 39

ataxia

Back 39

failure of muscle coordination

Front 40

grand mal seizure

Back 40

characterized by sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and involuntary muscle contractions; often preceded by an aura, a peculiar sensation such as visual disturbance, numbness, or dizziness

Front 41

ipsilateral

Back 41

situated on or affecting the same side

Front 42

syncope

Back 42

a faint, temporary loss of consciousness

Front 43

concussion

Back 43

a violent blow to the head; may or may not be a loss of consciousness