Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

calc/o, calci/o

Back 1

calcium

Front 2

kyph/o

Back 2

humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)

Front 3

lamin/o

Back 3

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

Front 4

lord/o

Back 4

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

Front 5

lumb/o

Back 5

loins, lower back

Front 6

myel/o

Back 6

bone marrow

Front 7

orth/o

Back 7

straight

Front 8

oste/o

Back 8

bone

Front 9

scoli/o

Back 9

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

Front 10

spondyl/o

Back 10

vertebra
(used to make words about conditions of the structure)

Front 11

vertebr/o

Back 11

vertebra
(used to describe the structure itself)

Front 12

-blast

Back 12

embryonic or immature cell

Front 13

-clast

Back 13

to break

Front 14

-listhesis

Back 14

slipping

Front 15

-malacia

Back 15

softening

Front 16

-physis

Back 16

to grow

Front 17

-porosis

Back 17

pore, passage

Front 18

-tome

Back 18

instrument to cut

Front 19

acetabul/o

Back 19

acetabulum
(hip socket)

Front 20

calcane/o

Back 20

calcaneus
(heel)

Front 21

carp/o

Back 21

carpals
(wrist bones)

Front 22

clavicul/o

Back 22

clavicle
(collar bone)

Front 23

cost/o

Back 23

ribs
(true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)

Front 24

crani/o

Back 24

cranium
(skull)

Front 25

femor/o

Back 25

femur
(thigh bone)

Front 26

fibul/o

Back 26

fibula
(smaller lower leg bone)

Front 27

humer/o

Back 27

humerus
(upper arm bone)

Front 28

ili/o

Back 28

ilium
(upper part of the pelvic bone)

Front 29

ischi/o

Back 29

ischium
(posterior part of the pelvic bone)

Front 30

malleol/o

Back 30

malleolus
(process on each side of the ankle)

Front 31

mandibul/o

Back 31

mandible
(lower jawbone)

Front 32

maxill/o

Back 32

maxilla
(upper jawbone)

Front 33

metacarp/o

Back 33

metacarpals
(hand bones)

Front 34

metatars/o

Back 34

metatarsals
(foot bones)

Front 35

olecran/o

Back 35

olecranon
(elbow)

Front 36

patell/o

Back 36

patella
(kneecap)

Front 37

pelv/i

Back 37

pelvis
(hipbone)

Front 38

perone/o

Back 38

fibula

Front 39

phalang/o

Back 39

phalanges
(finger and/or toe bones)

Front 40

pub/o

Back 40

pubis
(anterior part of the pelvic bone)

Front 41

radi/o

Back 41

radius
(forearm bone - thumb side)

Front 42

scapul/o

Back 42

scapula
(shoulder blade)

Front 43

stern/o

Back 43

sternum
(breastbone)

Front 44

tars/o

Back 44

tarsals
(bones of the hindfoot)

Front 45

tibi/o

Back 45

tibia
(shin bone)

Front 46

uln/o

Back 46

ulna
(forearm bone - little finger side

Front 47

ewing sarcoma

Back 47

rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children

Front 48

exostosis

Back 48

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

Front 49

fracture

Back 49

traumatic breaking of a bone

Front 50

colles fracture

Back 50

occurs near the wrist joint at the distal end of the radius

Front 51

comminuted fracture

Back 51

bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces

Front 52

compression fracture

Back 52

bone collapses or iso compressed, as may happen to vertebrae in osteoporosis or with traumatic injury

Front 53

greenstick fracture

Back 53

bone is partially broken; it breaks on one surface and only bends on the other, as when a small tree branch breaks; occurs in children

Front 54

impacted fracture

Back 54

one fragment is driven firmly into the other

Front 55

osteogenic sarcoma
(osteosarcoma)

Back 55

common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts

Front 56

osteomalacia

Back 56

softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone

Front 57

osteomyelitis

Back 57

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Front 58

osteoporosis

Back 58

decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

Front 59

talipes

Back 59

congenital abnormality of the hind foot (involving the talus)

Front 60

articular cartilage

Back 60

smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint

Front 61

articulation

Back 61

any type of joint

Front 62

bursa
(plural: bursae)

Back 62

sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another

Front 63

ligament

Back 63

connective tissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint

Front 64

suture joint

Back 64

immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull

Front 65

synovial cavity

Back 65

space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane

Front 66

synovial fluid

Back 66

viscous (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity. synovial fluid is similar in viscosity to egg white; this accounts for the origin of the term (syn- = like, ov/o = egg)

Front 67

synovial joint

Back 67

a freely movable joint

Front 68

synovial membrane

Back 68

tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid

Front 69

tendon

Back 69

connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

Front 70

ankyl/o

Back 70

stiff

Front 71

arthr/o

Back 71

joint

Front 72

articul/o

Back 72

joint

Front 73

burs/o

Back 73

bursa

Front 74

chondr/o

Back 74

cartilage

Front 75

ligament/o

Back 75

ligament

Front 76

rheumat/o

Back 76

watery flow

Front 77

synov/o

Back 77

synovial membrane

Front 78

ten/o

Back 78

tendon

Front 79

tendin/o

Back 79

tendon

Front 80

-desis

Back 80

to bind, tie together

Front 81

-stenosis

Back 81

narrowing

Front 82

ankylosing spondylitis

Back 82

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

Front 83

gouty arthritis
(gout)

Back 83

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in bile

Front 84

osteoarthritis
(OA)

Back 84

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articulate surfaces

Front 85

rheumatoid arthritis
(RA)

Back 85

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

Front 86

bunion

Back 86

enlargement of bone or tissue around joint at the nbase of the big toe

Front 87

carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS)

Back 87

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

Front 88

dislocation

Back 88

displacement of a bone from its joint

Front 89

ganglion

Back 89

fluid-filled cyst arising from joint or tendons, typically in the bang

Front 90

herniation of an intervertebral disk

Back 90

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

Front 91

lyme disease
(lyme arthritis)

Back 91

disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick

Front 92

sprain

Back 92

trauma to a joint without rupture

Front 93

systematic lupus erythematosus
(SLE)

Back 93

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system (CNS), heart, and lungs

Front 94

flexion

Back 94

decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb

Front 95

extension

Back 95

increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb

Front 96

abduction

Back 96

movement away from the midline of the body

Front 97

adduction

Back 97

movement toward the midline of the body

Front 98

rotation

Back 98

circular movement around an axis (central point)

Front 99

dorsiflexion

Back 99

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward (upward)

Front 100

plantar flexion

Back 100

motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes or stepping on the gas pedal

Front 101

supination

Back 101

as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm up

Front 102

pronation

Back 102

as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm down

Front 103

fasci/o

Back 103

fascia
(forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

Front 104

fibr/o

Back 104

fibrous connective tissue

Front 105

leiomy/o

Back 105

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

Front 106

my/o

Back 106

muscle

Front 107

myocardi/o

Back 107

heart muscle

Front 108

myos/o

Back 108

muscle

Front 109

plant/o

Back 109

sole of the foot

Front 110

rhabdomy/o

Back 110

skeletal (strirated) muscle connected to bones

Front 111

sarc/o

Back 111

muscle and flesh

Front 112

-asthenia

Back 112

lack of strength

Front 113

-trophy

Back 113

development, nourishment

Front 114

ab-

Back 114

away from

Front 115

ad-

Back 115

toward

Front 116

dorsi-

Back 116

back

Front 117

poly-

Back 117

many, much