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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parenteral
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Trauma (S. aureus, C tetani). Arthropods (Y. pestis = plague) Injections
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adhesins
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surface projections on pathogen , made of glycoprotein/lipoprotein. Adhere to receptors on host (usually sugars)
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Glycocalyx
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S. mutans - (tooth decay/caries)
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Biofilms
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provide attachment and resistance to antimicrobials
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capsules
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resists host defenses by impairing phagocytosis. the process by which certain cells of the body engulf and destroy microbes. The chem. nature of the capsule appears to prevent the phagocytic cell from adhering to it.
ex. S. pneumoniae (pneumococcal pneumonia) has capsule which can increase its virulence. |
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cell wall proteins
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chemical sub in cell wall the increase virulence such as M protein )heat and acid resistant protein) . Found in cell surface and fimbraie. helps bac resist phagocytosis by WBC.
ex. S pyogenes (strep) |
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Antigenic variation
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alteration of surface antigens. the pathogen has altered antigens b4 body can defend and is unaffected by antibodies.
Ex. Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) |
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invasins
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, proteins that cause the actin of the cytoskeleton to form baskets that carries the bac into cell.
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Coagulase
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blood formation, protection from phagocytosis. clot the fibrinogen in blood, blot may protect the bac from phagocytosis and isolate it from other defenses of the host
virulent S. aureus |
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Kinase
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blood clot dissolves that was made to stop injury and bleeding
streptokinase |
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Hyaluronidase
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- spreading factor, digestion of intercellular cement --> tissue penetration. breaks down CT
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collagenase
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- collagen hydrolysis, facilitates the spread of gas gangrene. breaks down muscles and tissues
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IgA protease
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IgA destruction, IgA defends against adherence.
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siderophores
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bacterial iron - binding proteins
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LAL (limulus amoebocyte lysate) assay used to detect.
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endotoxins
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Membrane disrupting toxins
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lyse host cells by making protein channels in pm
or by disrupting Phos BL |
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Superantigens
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extreme immune response. type of exotoxin, nonspecifically stimulate T cells, intense response bc of cytokine release. FNVD shock death.
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C. diphtheriae=A-B toxin S. pyogenes=membrane-disrupting erythrogenic toxin C. botulinum=A-B toxin; neurotoxin C. tetani=A-B toxin; neurotoxin V. cholerae=A-B toxin; enterotoxin S. aureus=Superantigen |
C. diphtheriae=A-B toxin S. pyogenes=membrane-disrupting erythrogenic toxin C. botulinum=A-B toxin; neurotoxin C. tetani=A-B toxin; neurotoxin V. cholerae=A-B toxin; enterotoxin S. aureus=Superantigen |
