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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Innate Immunity or Innate Immune Response?
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The nonspecific immune response that is present at birth
Note: Exists because of the genetic makeup of the organism; is there before the host has seen any pathogen |
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What is Adaptive Immune Response?
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A specific host defense composed of humoral(antibody) and cellular immune responses
Note: Adaptive Immunity is acquired after exposure to an infectious pathogen. |
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What is Nonspecific immunity?
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Organisms first line of defense.
Note: Has four basic components |
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What are the four basic components of Nonspecific Immunity?
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1. Mechanical Barriers
2. Chemical Barriers 3. Cellular Barriers 4. Microbial antagonism |
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What are Mechanical Barriers?
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Skin
Mucous membranes Coughing/Sneezing Hair |
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What are some characteristics of Skin as a Mechanical Barrier?
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Epidermis very resistant to infection, constantly shed
Entry requires a breach-cut, burn, insect bite etc... Skin is nutrient poor, has a low pH(4-6), is relatively dry, skin is salty, produces unsaturated fatty acids that are particularly toxic to many gram negative bacteria |
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What are some characteristics of Mucous Membranes as Mechanical Barriers?
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Lines body cavities, is covered with a thick fluid that traps particles and microorganisms
Produces mucous which is moved by Cilia towards the stomach |
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What are some characteristics of Hair as a Mechanical Barrier?
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Nose hair, eyebrows and eyelashes all serve to trap particles that might get into the lungs or eyes
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What are some characteristics of coughing and sneezing as a Mechanical Barrier?
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This mechanical barrier removes irritants and built-up mucous, aiding in the removal of microorganisms
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What are the most important chemical barriers?
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Stomach acid, Bile, Defensins, Lysozyme, Transferrin/Lactoferrin
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What are some characteristics of Chemical Barriers?
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Stomach acid-pH 2 which kills many microorganisms
Bile is a mixture of substances produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder Defensins short anitimicrobial peptides, secreted into the mucous Lysozyme is in all body fluids breaks down peptidoglycan Transferrin/Lactoferrin are proteins that bind up all free avaliable iron, thus deprive mo of iron which is essential for growth |
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What are Interferons?
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family of small proteins induced by cells by most animal viruses, these proteins have nonspecific antiviral activity
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