Chapter 15 Homework

Front 1

osseous

Back 1

bone are composed of bony connective tissue

Front 2

osteocytes

Back 2

bone cells

Front 3

cartilage

Back 3

the bones of a fetus are composed mainly

Front 4

osteoblasts

Back 4

during bone development, immature bone cells ________ bony tissue.

Front 5

osteroclasts

Back 5

large bone cells called __________ digest bone tissue to shape the bone and smooth it out.

Front 6

calcium and phosphorus

Back 6

two mineral substances necessary for proper development of bones

Front 7

sesamoid bone

Back 7

a round, small bone resembling a sesame seed in shape and covering the knee joint

Front 8

diaphysis

Back 8

the shaft of a long bone

Front 9

epiphysis

Back 9

the ends of a long bone

Front 10

epiphyseal plate

Back 10

the cartilaginous areas at the end of a long bone where growth takes place.

Front 11

cancellous or trabecular

Back 11

red bone marrow is found in spongy or _____________?

Front 12

fat tissue

Back 12

yellow bone narrow is composed of?

Front 13

periosteum

Back 13

the strong membrane surrounding the surface of a bone

Front 14

compact bone

Back 14

hard, dense bone tissue lying under the periosteum

Front 15

haverisan canals

Back 15

a series of canals containing blood vessels lie within the outer dense tissue of bone

Front 16

articular cartilage

Back 16

a thin layer of cartilage covering the ends at the joints

Front 17

medullary cavity

Back 17

is a central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of long bones.

Front 18

orthopedist

Back 18

a physician who treats bone and bone disease

Front 19

chiropractor

Back 19

a practitioner who uses his or her hands to manipulate the patient's spinal column (in the belief that diseases are caused by pressure on spinal nerves).

Front 20

osteopath

Back 20

a doctor who treats patients based on the belief that the body can be healed when bones are in proper position and adequate nutrition is provided.

Front 21

metaphysis

Back 21

flared portion of a long bone that lies between the diaphysis and the eiphyseal plate.

Front 22

sinus

Back 22

hollow cavity within the bone

Front 23

tubercle

Back 23

rounded process for attachment of tendons and muscles

Front 24

condyle

Back 24

rounded, knuckle-like process at the joint

Front 25

fossa

Back 25

shallow cavity in or on a bone

Front 26

tuberosity

Back 26

rounded process for attachment of muscles and tendons

Front 27

trochanter

Back 27

large process on the femur for attachment of tendson and muscles

Front 28

foramen

Back 28

opening in a bone for blood vessels and nerves

Front 29

fissure

Back 29

narrow, deep, slit-like opening

Front 30

bone head

Back 30

rounded end of a bone separated from the rest of the bone by a neck

Front 31

parietal bone

Back 31

forms the roof and upper side parts of the skull

Front 32

ethmoid bone

Back 32

delicate bone, composed of spongy, cancellous tissue; supports the nasal cavity and orbits of the eye.

Front 33

frontal bone

Back 33

forms the forehead

Front 34

sphenoid bone

Back 34

bat-shaped bone extending behind the eyes to form the base of the skull

Front 35

temporal bone

Back 35

bone near the ear and connecting to the lower jaw

Front 36

zygomatic bone

Back 36

cheekbone

Front 37

nasal bone

Back 37

bone that supports the bridge of the nose

Front 38

vomer

Back 38

thin, flat bone forming the lower portion of the nasal spectum

Front 39

mandible

Back 39

lower jawbone

Front 40

maxilla

Back 40

upper jawbone

Front 41

lacrimal bones

Back 41

two paired bones, one located at the corner of each eye.

Front 42

cervical

Back 42

pertaining to the neck of the body or lower neck-line portion of the uterus.

Front 43

thoracic

Back 43

pertaining to the chest

Front 44

lumbar

Back 44

in the back of the body, the lumbar region is the lower back, just above the sacrum. In the front of the body, it is one of two middle lateral regions on either side of the umbilical region (near the naval).

Front 45

sacral

Back 45

pertaining to the sacrum

Front 46

coccygeal

Back 46

pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx

Front 47

neural canal

Back 47

space through which the spinal cord passes

Front 48

intervertebral disk

Back 48

piece of carilage between each vertebra

Front 49

vertebral arch

Back 49

posterior part of a vertebra

Front 50

vertebral body

Back 50

anterior part of a vertebra

Front 51

scapula

Back 51

shoulder blade

Front 52

humerus

Back 52

upper arm bone

Front 53

sternum

Back 53

breastbone

Front 54

femur

Back 54

thigh bone

Front 55

phalanges

Back 55

finger bones

Front 56

metacarpals

Back 56

hand bone

Front 57

ulna

Back 57

lower arm bone (little finger side)

Front 58

radius

Back 58

lower arm bone (thumb side)

Front 59

clavicle

Back 59

collar bone

Front 60

carpals

Back 60

wrist bone

Front 61

vertebral column

Back 61

backbone

Front 62

patella

Back 62

kneecap

Front 63

tibia

Back 63

shin bone (larger of two lower leg bones)

Front 64

fibula

Back 64

smaller of two lower leg bones

Front 65

ilium, ischium, pubis

Back 65

three parts of the pelvis

Front 66

metatarsals

Back 66

midfoot bones

Front 67

foramen magnum

Back 67

Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.

Front 68

calcaneus

Back 68

Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone).

Front 69

acromion

Back 69

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.

Front 70

xiphoid process

Back 70

Lower, narrow portion of the sternum (breastbone).

Front 71

lamina

Back 71

One of two posterior (back) arches of a vertebra.

Front 72

malleolus

Back 72

Either of two bony enlargements (processes) on each side of an ankle.

Front 73

acetabulum

Back 73

Rounded depression or socket in the pelvis, which joins the femur forming the hip joint.

Front 74

pubic symphysis

Back 74

Area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the midline of the pelvic bone. It is a slightly movable joint separated by a disk of fibrocartilage.

Front 75

olecranon

Back 75

Large process on the end (proximal) of the ulna; elbow.

Front 76

fontanelle

Back 76

Soft spot between skull bones of an infant.

Front 77

mastoid process

Back 77

Round projection (process) on the temporal bone behind the ear.

Front 78

styloid process

Back 78

Pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.

Front 79

osteogenesis

Back 79

formation of bone; osteogenesis imperfecta is known as brittle bone disease

Front 80

hypercalcemia

Back 80

excessive calcium in the blood

Front 81

spondylosis

Back 81

abnormal condition of the vertebrae; degenerative changes in the spine

Front 82

epiphyseal plate

Back 82

pertaining to the epiphysis

Front 83

decalcification

Back 83

removal of calcium from bones

Front 84

ossification

Back 84

formation of bone

Front 85

osteitis

Back 85

inflammation of bone; osteitis deformans (Paget disease) causes deformed bones such as an enlarged skull

Front 86

costoclavicular

Back 86

pertaining to the ribs and clavicle

Front 87

Scapular

Back 87

pertaining to the shoulder blade

Front 88

Craniotome

Back 88

Instrument to cut the skull (cranium).

Front 89

Humeral

Back 89

Pertaining to the humerus (upper arm bone).

Front 90

subpatellar

Back 90

pertaining to the kneecap

Front 91

chondromalacia

Back 91

softening of cartilage

Front 92

phalangeal

Back 92

pertaining to a toe bone

Front 93

metacarpectomy

Back 93

removal of hand bone

Front 94

tibial

Back 94

pertaining to the shin bone

Front 95

calcaneal

Back 95

pertaining to the heel bone

Front 96

osteodystrophy

Back 96

poor bone development

Front 97

laminectomy

Back 97

removal of the lamina of the vertebral arch

Front 98

sacroiliac

Back 98

pertaining to the sacrum and ilium

Front 99

myelopiesis

Back 99

formation of bone marrow

Front 100

exostose

Back 100

benign tumors arising from the bone surface

Front 101

osteogenesis imperfection

Back 101

brittle bone disease

Front 102

scoliosis

Back 102

lateral curvature of the spine

Front 103

lordosis

Back 103

anterior curvature of the spine

Front 104

osteotome

Back 104

instrument to cut bone

Front 105

closed fracture

Back 105

break in the bone without an open skin wound

Front 106

comminuted fracture

Back 106

bone is splintered or crushed.

Front 107

compound (open) fracture

Back 107

break in bone with wound in the skin

Front 108

colles fracture

Back 108

fracture of the lower end of the radius at the wrist

Front 109

cast

Back 109

mold of the bone applied to fractures to imobilize the injured bone

Front 110

impacted fracture

Back 110

bone is broken and one side of the fracture is wedged into the other

Front 111

compression fracture

Back 111

bone is broken by pressure from another bone; often in vertebrae, bone is partially flattened.

Front 112

osteoporosis

Back 112

increased porosity in bone; decrease in bone density

Front 113

osteomyelitis

Back 113

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Front 114

osteogenic sarcoma

Back 114

cancerous tumor of bone; osteoblasts multiply at the ends of long bones

Front 115

crepitus

Back 115

crackling sensation as boken bones move against each other

Front 116

osteomalacia

Back 116

softening of bones; rickets in children due to loss of calcium in bones

Front 117

abcess

Back 117

collection of pus

Front 118

ostopenia

Back 118

deficiency of bone; occurs in osteoporosis

Front 119

Ewing sarcoma

Back 119

malignant tumor of bone, often involving the entire shaft of a long bone.

Front 120

metastatic bone lesion

Back 120

malignant tumor that has spread to bone from the breast, lung, kidney, or prostate gland

Front 121

suture joint; a synovial joint is a freely movable joint

Back 121

a joint in which apposed bones are closely united as in the skull bones

Front 122

tendon

Back 122

connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

Front 123

articulation

Back 123

another term for a joint

Front 124

ligament

Back 124

connective tissue that binds bones to other bones

Front 125

synovial fluid

Back 125

fluid found in a joint

Front 126

synovial membrane

Back 126

membrane that lines the joint cavity

Front 127

bursa

Back 127

a sac of fluid near a joint

Front 128

articular cartilage

Back 128

smooth cartilage that covers the surface of bones at joints

Front 129

arthroplasty

Back 129

surgical repair of a joint

Front 130

periarthritis

Back 130

inflammation surrounding a joint

Front 131

tendinitis or tendonitis

Back 131

inflammation of a tendon

Front 132

chondroma

Back 132

tumor (benign) of cartilage

Front 133

chondrosarcoma

Back 133

tumor (malignant) of cartilage

Front 134

arthrotomy

Back 134

incision of a joint

Front 135

chondromalacia

Back 135

softening of cartilage

Front 136

hemarthrosis

Back 136

abnormal condition of blood in the joint

Front 137

bursitis

Back 137

inflammation of a sac of fluid near the joint

Front 138

rheumatologist

Back 138

a doctor who specializes in treatment of joint disorders

Front 139

anklyosis

Back 139

abnormal condition of a stiffened, immoble joint

Front 140

tenorrhaphy

Back 140

suture of a tendon

Front 141

achondroplasia

Back 141

an inherited condition in which the bones of the arms and the legs fail to grow normally because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation; type of dwarfism

Front 142

osteoarthritis

Back 142

degeneration joint disease; chronic inflamattion of bones and joints

Front 143

gouty arthritis

Back 143

inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body (hyperuricemia)

Front 144

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 144

chronic joint disease; inflamed and painful joints owing to autommune reaction against normal joint issue, and synovial membranes becomes swollen and thickened

Front 145

lyme disease

Back 145

tick borne bacterium causes this condition marked by arthritis, myalgia, malaise, and neurologic and cardiac symptoms

Front 146

bunion

Back 146

abnormal swelling of a metatarsophalangeal joint

Front 147

ganglion

Back 147

cystic mass arising from a tendon in the wrist

Front 148

ankylosing spondylitis

Back 148

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, especially of the spine (vertebrae)

Front 149

systemic lupus erythematosus

Back 149

chronic inflammatory disease affecting not only the joints but also the skin (butterfly rash on the face), kidney, heart, and lungs.

Front 150

tenosynovitis

Back 150

inflammation of a tendon sheath

Front 151

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 151

compression of the median nerve in the wrist as it passes through an area between a ligament and tendons, bones, and connective tissue

Front 152

dislocation

Back 152

displacement of a bone from its joint

Front 153

subluxation

Back 153

partial or incomplete displacement of a bone from the joint

Front 154

arthrodesis

Back 154

surgical fixation of a joint (binding it together by fusing the joint surfaces)

Front 155

pyrexia

Back 155

fever; increase in body temperature

Front 156

podagra

Back 156

pain in a big toe from gouty arthritis

Front 157

sciatica

Back 157

pain radiating from the back to the leg (along the sciatic nerve); most commonly caused by a protruding intervertebral disk.

Front 158

herniation of an intervertebral disk

Back 158

protrusion of a disk into the netural canal or the spinal nerves

Front 159

laminectomy

Back 159

removal of a portion of the vertebral arch (lamina) to relieve pressure from a protruding intervertebral disk

Front 160

sprain

Back 160

trauma to a joint with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments

Front 161

strain

Back 161

overstretching of a muscle

Front 162

hyperuricemia

Back 162

high levels of uric acid in the bloodstream; present in gouty arthritis

Front 163

fascia

Back 163

fibrous membrane separatng and enveloping muscles

Front 164

abduction

Back 164

movement away from the midline of the body

Front 165

origin

Back 165

connection of the muscle to a stationary bone

Front 166

insertion

Back 166

connection of the muscle to a bone that moves

Front 167

visceral

Back 167

muscle that is connected to internal organs; involuntary muscle

Front 168

skeletal

Back 168

muscle that is connected to bones; voluntary muscle

Front 169

polymyalgia

Back 169

pain of many muscles

Front 170

myocardial

Back 170

pertaining to heart muscle

Front 171

electromyography

Back 171

process of recording electricity within muscles

Front 172

hypertrophy

Back 172

increase in development (size) of an organ or tissue

Front 173

extension

Back 173

straightening out a limb or joint

Front 174

rotation

Back 174

circular movement around an axis

Front 175

flexion

Back 175

bending a limb

Front 176

adduction

Back 176

movement toward the midline

Front 177

supination

Back 177

turning the palm forward

Front 178

abduction

Back 178

movement away from the midline

Front 179

pronation

Back 179

turning the palm backward

Front 180

dorsiflexion

Back 180

backward (upward) bening of the foot

Front 181

plantar flexion

Back 181

bending the sole of the foot downward

Front 182

rhabdomyoma

Back 182

benign tumor of striated (voluntary, skeletal) muscle

Front 183

polymyositis

Back 183

inflammation of many muscles; _________ rheumatica is a chronic inflammatory condition causing muscle weakness and pain

Front 184

fibromyalgia

Back 184

pain of muscle and fibrous tissue (especially of the back); also called fibrositis or rheumatism

Front 185

muscular dystrophy

Back 185

group of inherited muscular diseases marked by progressive weakness and degeneraton of muscles without nerve involvement

Front 186

myasthenia gravis

Back 186

loss of strength of muscles (often with paralysis) because of a defect at the connection between the nerve and the muscle cell

Front 187

antinuclear antibody test

Back 187

test tells if patient has systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 188

serum creatine kinase

Back 188

elevated blood levels of this enzyme are found in muscular disorders.

Front 189

uric acid test

Back 189

test tells if patient has gouty arthritis

Front 190

rheumatoid factor test

Back 190

test for presence of an antibody found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Front 191

bone scan

Back 191

radioactive substance is injected and traced in dense, hard connective tissue

Front 192

muscle biopsy

Back 192

removal of soft connective tissue for microscopic examination