Chapter 15 Histology Of Nervous Tissue

Front 1

Nervous tissue is made up of two/three main cell types

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two

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neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system include

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satellite cells and schwann cells

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____ are the functional units of the nervous tissues

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neurons

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these branching neuron processes serve as receptive regions and transmit electrical signals toward the cell body

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dendrites

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axons are the neuron processes that generate and conduct nerve impulses. true or false.

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false

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most axons are covered with a fatty material called

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myelin

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axons running through the central nervous system form tracts/nerves of white matter

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tracts

Front 8

neurons can be classified to structure

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multiploar

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neurons can be classified according to function. afferent/efferent or motor neurons carry electrical signals from the central nervous system primarily to muscles or glands

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efferent

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within a nerve each axon is surrounded by a cover called the

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endoneurium

Front 11

the basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neurons. what is the major function of this cell type?

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transmit message from one part of the body to another in the form of a nerve impulse.

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4 types of neuroglia

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astrocytes-BBB

microglial-macrphages, phagocytes

ependymal- CSF

oligodendrocytes-myelin sheath

Front 13

the brain and spinal cord collectively

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central nervous system

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specialized supporting cells in the nervous system

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neuroglia

Front 15

junction or point of close contact between neurons

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synaptic cleft

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bundle of axons inside the CNS

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tract

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neuron serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons

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interneuron

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ganglia and spinal and cranial nerves

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peripheral nervous systems

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collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS

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ganglion

Front 20

neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands

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efferent neuron

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neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery

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afferent neuron

Front 22

chemicals released by neurons that stimulate or inhibit other neurons or effectors

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neurotransmitters

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region of the cell body from which the axon originates

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axon hillock

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secretes neurotransmitters

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cell body

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receptive regions of a neuron

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dendrites, axon terminal

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insulates the nerve fibers

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myelin sheath

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site of the nucleus and most important metabolic area

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cell body

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involved in the transport of substances within the neuron

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neurofibril

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essentially rough endoplasmic reticulum, important metabolically

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chromatophillic substance

Front 30

impulse generator and transmitter

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axon

Front 31

what substances is found in synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal

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neurotransmitters

Front 32

what anatomical characteristic determines whether a particular neuron is classified as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar

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number of processes attached to cell body

Front 33

what neurons are unipolar?

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efferent interneurons

Front 34

what neurons are multipolar

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affarent

Front 35

describe how the schwann cells form the myelin sheath encasing the nerve fibers?

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wrapped tightly around the axon in a jelly roll fashion

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endoneurium

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connective tissue sheath around the nerve, surrounds axons

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perineurium

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groups of axons in coarser connective tissue, form fasicles

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epineurium

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white, fibrous connective tissue sheath around fasicles

Front 39

what is the function of the connective tissue wrappings found in a nerve?

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insulates it from other neuron processes, protection

Front 40

define mixed nerve

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nerves with sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) f