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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Chromosome theory of inheritance |
According to this theory, Mendelian genes have specific loci. Along chromosomes |
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Wild type |
Phenotype most commonly observed |
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Mutant phenotype |
Traits that are alternatives to the wild type |
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Sex-linked gene |
A gene located on either sex chromosome |
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X- linked genes |
Genes located on the X chromosome |
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
A human X-linked disorder. Progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination |
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Hemophilia |
An X-linked recessive disorder. Defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting. |
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Barr body |
The inactive X chromosome in each female condenses into a compact object called Barr body. Most of the genes that form the Barr body are not expressed. In the ovaries however Barr body chromosomes are reactivated and produces the rose to eggs |
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Linked genes |
Genes located near each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses |
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Genetic recombination |
The production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either P generation parent |
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Parental types |
On a Punnet square F1 hybrids found to match the P types are parental types |
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Recombinant types |
The other offspring that create new genetic types |
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Crossing over |
Occurs while replicated homologous chromosomes are paired during prophase of meiosis 1 a set of proteins orchestrates an exchange of corresponding segments |
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Linkage map |
A genetic map based on recombination frequencies |
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Map units |
Expression defining distance between genes |
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Genetic map |
An ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome |
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Aneuploidy |
If either of the aberrant gametes unites with a normal one at fertilization the zygote will also have an abnormal number of a particular chromosome |
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Non disjunction |
Members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis 1 |
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Monosomic |
If lacking the chromosome the zygote is considered to be monosomic (2n-1) |
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Trisomic |
If the chromosome present in the zygote triplicates then it's trisomic (2n+1) |
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Polyploidy |
Some organisms have more than two complete chromosome sets in all somatic cells the general term for this chromosomal alteration is polyploidy |
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Deletion |
When chromosomal fragment is lost |
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Duplication |
The deleted fragment may become attached to a sister chromatid |
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Inversion |
A fragment may reattach to original chromosome but in reverse orientation |
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Translocation |
Joining to a non homologous chromosome |
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Down syndrome |
An aneuploid condition. Result of an extra 21 chromosome. |
Trisomy 21 |
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Down syndrome |
An aneuploid condition. Result of an extra 21 chromosome. |
Trisomy 21 |
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Genomic imprinting |
Variation of phenotype is found by which parent it is given from |
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Down syndrome |
An aneuploid condition. Result of an extra 21 chromosome. |
Trisomy 21 |
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Genomic imprinting |
Variation of phenotype is found by which parent it is given from |
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