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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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properties of autonomic nervous system |
visceral motor control glands, cardiac and smooth muscle involuntary visceral effectors dont need autonomic innervation to function- but wont be able to adjust- para or sym visceral reflexes- slower than somatic
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distinctions between sym and parasym |
sym- fight or flight to rapidly mobilize energy para- rest and digest- homeostatic and maintanence |
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convergence |
post has inputs from MANY pre |
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divergence |
single pre with multiple post |
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sym |
thoracolumbar division- pre only leave from there short pre, long post thoracic to neck lumbar to sacral and coccygeal has both convergence and divergence- rapid body wide response |
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pre ganglionic of sym |
small myelinated white communicating rami three course -end in ganglion- synpase with post -travel up or down and synpase in ganglion- only route for sacral, coccygeal, and cervical - through chain w/o synapsing and continue as splanchnic nerve |
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post ganglionic of ssym |
unmyelinated gray communicating ramus spinal nerve route- exit ganglion by gray ramus, return to spinal nerve and travel to organ sympathetic nerve route- post leave by sympathetic to heart, lungs, thoracic splanchnic- dont synapse- go to second set of ganglia TARGETS- digestive and genital system |
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para sym |
much less convergence and divergence more selective narrow |
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visceral reflex arcs |
small number of synapse lower brain levels- hind, midbrain motor output is stereotyped (like somatic) 1st- baroreceptors sense increased BP 2- glossopharyngeal nerve transmit to medulla 3- vagus nerve inhibit cardiac pacemaker 4- heart rate decreases
baroreceptors- mechanoreceptors |
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overall nerve types |
spinal nerve- muscles and body wall sympathetic- head and thoracic cavity splanchnic- abdominopelvic cavity |
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autonomic tone |
vagal- para- low sym- higher middle= instrinic rate synapse in sinoatrium |
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autonomic vs somatic efferent innervation |
A- 2 neuron system, has ganglia, pre is myelinated and post is not, varicosities that influence multiple effector cells S- one neuron, no ganglia, dorsal root ganglia is for sensory NOT motor, long myelinated- individual effector cells |
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collateral ganglion |
celiac superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric |
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pre of parasym |
LONG originate in midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord= craniosacral division terminate in ganglia near or in the target organ no chain ganglia like sym |
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post of parasym |
short |
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enteric nervous system |
digestive tract has own nervous system unlike ANS- not from spinal cord or brainstem like ANS- smooth muscle and glands has more neurons 4 layers- serosa, muscularis externa, interna, submucosa 2 plexuses- myenteric- between externa and interna, submucosal- close to sub layer |
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infleunce on digestive system |
motility- moving food to be processed (myenteric bc btw muscle) secretion- enzymes blood flow- nutrients are absorbed (submucosal) |
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adrenal glands |
superior poles of kidneys each gland is 2 glands with different functions outer= cortex- secrete hormones inner= medulla- sympathetic ganglion |
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medulla |
modified postganglionic neurons with dendrites of axons pre come through cortex and terminate on medulla bc postganglionic like secrete mix of hormones- catecholamines= NE |
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same division have contrasting effects on different organs |
parasym- contract bladder, relax urethral sphincter= Ach Sym- constrict vessel, relax bronchioles= NE |
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Parasym fiber and neurotransmitter |
Pre does Ach post does Ach |
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sym adrenergic |
pre does Ach post does NE |
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sym cholinergic |
pre and post do Ach |
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cholinergic receptors |
muscarinic- all smooth and cardiac muscles, gland cells, Ach excites them so cardiac cant bind to another
nicotinic- all synapses in autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla or NMJ, open ligand-gated ion channels to excite post
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adrenergic receptors |
alpha- 2 subclasses- usually excitatory sometimes inhibit(ex- labor contractions, inhibit intestinal motility) 1- Ca2+ as second messenger 2- cAMP beta- 2 subclasses- usually inhibitory sometime excitatory cAMP is second messenger relax smooth, excite cardiac |
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Sym last longer than para |
Ach is broken down fast NE has more fates- resorbed, diffuse to tissue, in blood where it wont break down |
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dual innervation |
most viscera get fibers from both sym and parasym antagonistic or cooperative effects |
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antagonistic |
oppose each other sym- speed up heart- sinoatrial para- slow down can be same muscle or different sym- pupillary dilator para- constrictor |
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cooperative |
different effector make unified effect salivation para- serous cell secrete watery, enzyme secretion sym- mucous cell to secrete mucus
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control without dual innervation |
adrenal medulla, piloerector, sweat glands and many blood vessel= ONLY HAVE SYMPATHETIC regulate blood flow- partial constriction drop flow- drop in firing to dilate |
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ANS-- |
not independent nervous system influence by CNS cerebral cortex hypothalamus midbrain, pons, medulla spinal cord |
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cerbral cortex |
anger- raise BP fear- heart race limbic system- emotional response- connect with hypothalamus- site of autonomic control connect sensory and mental with ANS |
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hypothalamus |
major site of CNS control somatic motor center of visceral motor nuclei of primitive functions- hunger, thrist, thermoreg can activate fight or flight OR calming |
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midbrain, pons, medulla |
cardiac, vasomotor control, salivation, swallow, sweat reticular formation- medulla to hypothalamus |
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spinal cord |
integrate autonomic reflexes- urinate, erect, ejact brain cant inhibit defecation and urination conscious- injuries sever spinal cord- autonomic can control them |
