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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Body's first line of defense |
-skin -mucous membranes or respiratory tract -digestive -urinary -reproductive |
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Antimicrobial peptides (first line of defense) |
20 to 50 amino acids act against microorganisms. present on skin, mucous membrane, neutrophils |
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lysozyme (first line of defense) |
breaks down the cell walls (tears) |
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sebum |
oily substance PH5 |
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Bodys second line of defense |
Operates when pathogens succed in penetrating the skin or mucous membrane. composed of cells, antimicrobial chemicals, n processes but no physical barriers (originate in blood) |
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Granulocytes |
-Basophils- stain blue w/ methylene blue -Eosinophils- stain red/ orange with acidic dye eosin -Neutrophil- stains lilac with acidic n basic dye |
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Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Monocytes |
can phagocytize pathogens and are capable of diapedesis (can exit blood to attack invading microbes) |
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Monocytes and Neutrophils |
1-chemical signals- chemotaxis, cytokines, chemokines 2- margination- stick and flatten w in capillary vessel 3-Diapedesis- push through in between cells from capillary into tissue |
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Agranulocytes |
Lymphocytes-most involved in adaptive immunity Monocytes- leaves blood and matures into phagocytic cells called macrophages |
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Phagocytosis 5 stages |
1)Chemotaxis- toward chemical signal 2) Adherence- phagocytes attach to microorganism (opsonins- easier to grab 3)Ingestion- extends pseudopods to surround microbe and creates vacuole (phagosome) 4)Killing-fusion of phagosome and lysosome and it becomes phagolysosome. degrading lysosome breaks it down and apart. 5) Elimination- phagocyte eliminates remnants or microorganism via exocytosis |
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killing by eosinophils |
high Eosinophilia attack parasitic worms or allergies antimicrobial chemical secretion mitochondrial DNA/ protein barrier asssembly triggered by LPS |
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natural killer lymphocytes |
toxin secretion onto non-self/ to try to kill infected cells |
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killing by neutrophils |
oxidative killing chemical secretion (NET)neutrophil extracellular traps- cell suicide pathway |
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toll-like receptors |
cytoplasmic membrane proteins of phagocytes |
