Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Special Senses
|
1) Taste
2) Hearing 3) Equilibrium 4) Vision 5) Smell |
|
General Senses
|
1) Pressure
2) Touch 3) Temperature 4) Vibration 5) Proprioception 6) Pain |
|
Receptive Fields
|
The area monitored by a single receptor cell, a type of neuron
|
|
Dermatomes
|
Incorporate multiple receptive fields but the receptor cells in on will follow into one spinal nerve
|
|
Types of Sensory Receptors
|
Nocioceptor/Pain
Thermoreceptor/Temperature Mechanoreceptors/physical distortion Chemoreceptors/Chemical concentrations Proprioceptors/Position, purely somatic (not visceral) |
|
1st Order Neuron
|
First to recieve sensory input, contains the sensory receptor
|
|
2nd Order Neuron
|
Interneuron; located in the spinal cord and/or brain stem
|
|
3rd Order Neuron
|
travels from the OPPOSITE side of thalamus to cortex
|
|
Decussion
|
The crossing of an axon from one side to the other
|
|
Posterior Columns Pathway
|
Senses fine touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception
|
|
Spinothalamic (Anterolateral) Pathway
|
senses crude touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
|
|
Phantom Limb Pain
|
Even though the limb isn't present patients perceive pain in the missing limb. Neurons can be activated along the anterolateral pathway giving the perception of pain.
|
|
Referred Pain
|
Strong visceral pain sensations enter the spinal cord at a specific spinal segment activating interneurons associated with anterolateral pathway.
Ex) Heart attack felt in left arm |
|
Sensory humunculus
|
Area of sensory cortex devoted to a particular body region, proportional to the number of sensory receptors.
|
|
Spinocerebellar Pathway
|
Senses position of skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints.
|
|
Upper Motor Neuron
|
Cell body is located in the brain or brainstem. It is the "originator" of conscious movement.
|
|
Lower Motor Neuron
|
Cell body is located in the brainstem or spinal cord. It is the "final" neuron that will carry signals to the muscle to cause movement.
|
|
Corticobulbar Neurons
|
Neurons that travel from the cortex to the brainstem.
|
|
Corticospinal Neurons
|
Neurons that travel from the cortex to the spinal cord.
|
|
Corticospinal Pathway
|
Carries signals for voluntary control over the skeletal muscles.
|
|
Motor Homunculus
|
Area of the primary motor cortex devoted to particular body region, proportional the the number of motor neurons.
|
|
Autonomic Nervous System
|
Maintains homeostatic adjustments without conscious thought
|
|
Preganglionic neurons
|
cell bodies live in the brainstem or spinal cord and travel to the ganglia, where they synapse
|
|
Ganglia
|
A collection of cell bodies outside the CNS
|
|
Sympathetic nervous system
Ganglia |
Located in "chain" ganglia very close to the vertebral column
Preganglionic neurons are short |
|
Parasympathetic nervous system
Ganglia |
Located within or near target organ
Preganglionic neurons are long |
|
Postganglionic neurons
|
Cell bodies live in the ganglia and the axons travel to the target organ
SNS- long PNS- short |
|
Domination of SNS
|
1) Increased mental alertness
2) Increased metabolic rate 3) Mobilization of energy reserves 4)Reduced digestion/urination 5)Increased respiratory rate;dilation of passageways 6)Sweat glands activated 7)Elevation in muscle tone |
|
Alpha-1
|
Activation constricts blood vessels
|
|
Beta-1
|
Activation increases heart rate
|
|
Beta-3
|
Activation mobilized adipose tissue via lipolysis
|
|
G-protein
|
The membrane receptor is coupled to an enzyme complex
|
|
Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X
|
Occulomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
|
|
Domination of the PNS
|
1) Constriction of pupils
2)Digestive secretions 3)Liver secretions 4)Blood flow changes associated w/ digestion and sexual arousal 5) Co-ordination of defecation 6) Contraction of bladder for urination 7) Constriction of respiratory passages 8)Decreases heart rate 9)Sexual arousal |
|
Autonomic Tone
|
The levels of both PNS and SNS outflow
|