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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromosome theory of inheritance |
A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located at specific positions on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns. |
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wild type |
The phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations. |
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sex-linked gene |
A gene located on either sex chromosome. |
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X-linked genes |
A gene located on the X chromosome.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele. |
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Hemophilia |
A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins.
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Barr body |
A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome. |
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linked genes |
Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together. |
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genetic recombination |
General term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. |
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parental types |
An offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the true-breeding parental phenotypes. |
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recombinant types; recombinants |
An offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the true-breeding P generation parents. |
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crossing over |
The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis. |
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genetic map |
An ordered list of genetic loci along a chromosome. |
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linkage map |
A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. |
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map units |
A unit of measurement of the distance between genes. One map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency. |
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nondisjunction |
An error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other. |
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aneuploidy |
A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies of are deficient in number. |
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monosomic |
Referring to a diploid cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. |
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trisomic |
Referring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.
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polyploidy |
A chromosomal alteration in whcih the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. |
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deletion |
A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage.
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duplication |
An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated. |
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inversion |
An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated. |
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translocation |
An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a non-homologous chromosome. |
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Down syndrome |
A human genetic disease usually caused by the presence caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. |
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genomic imprinting |
A phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent.
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