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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
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Mendelian genes have a specific loci along chromosomes and it is the chrom. that undergo segregation and independent assortment |
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Law of segregation
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the 2 alleles for each gene separate (random) |
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Law of impendent assortment
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alleles of genes on non-homologous chrom. assort independently (9:3:3:1 ratio) |
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Wild type
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-alternative is mutant phenotype |
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sex-linked gene
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-y-linked on y (mostly sex genes) -x-linked on x (more than just sex genes) |
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For a recessive x-linked trait to be expressed
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-male need only one allele (hemizygous) -include color blindness, Duchene muscle dystrophy, and hemophilia |
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Linked Genes
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genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together |
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Genetic Recombination
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Production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from either parent |
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Parental Phenotypes
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Offspring with a phenotype matching one of the parental phenotypes |
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Recumbent tyoes
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Offspring with non-parental phenotypes |
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Crossing Over
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Mechanism for the occasional break in physical connections between genes on the same chrom. |
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Genetic Map
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Ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chrom. |
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Linkage Map
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genetic map of a chrom. based on recombination frequences |
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Map Units
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1 centimorgan represents 1 1% recombination frequency |
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Non-disjunction
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pairs of homologous chrom. do not separate normally during meiosis. As a result one gamete receives two of the same type of chrom., the other receives none. |
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Aneuploidy
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results from the fertilization of gametes In which nondisjunction occurred. offspring have abnormal number of particular chrom. |
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Monosomic
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zygote that has only one copy of a chrom. |
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trisomic
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zygote has three copies of a chrom. |
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Polyploidy
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condition in which an organism has more than 2 complete sets of chrom. |
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Four types of chrom. structure changes
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Deletion - remove segment Duplication - repeats segment Inversion - reverses orientation of a segment within a chrom. translocation - moves a segment from one chrom. to another |
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Genomic Imprinting
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Variations in phenotypes that depend on which parent passed along the alleles |
