Chapter 15

Front 1

Chlorophyll

Back 1

Green photosynthetic pigments that are essential for photosynthesis

Front 2

Photosystem II (PS II)

Back 2

Protein and pigment complex that is used to harness energy from light to make ATP; an important component of light reactions of photosynthesis

Front 3

Water as the electron donor

Back 3

Water molecules are used as source of electrons

Front 4

Photosystem I (PS II)

Back 4

Protein a payment complex that is used to Hart is energy from light to make NADPH and occasionally ATP; and important going to light reactions of photosynthesis

Front 5

Phycobilins

Back 5

Blue or red pigments that are used by photosynthetic bacteria to carry out photosynthesis

Front 6

Phycobilins

Back 6

Blue or red pigments that are used by photosynthetic bacteria to carry out photosynthesis

Front 7

Thylakoid membrane system

Back 7

Extensive folding and invagination of the plasma membrane found in photosynthetic bacteria

Front 8

Phycobilins

Back 8

Blue or red pigments that are used by photosynthetic bacteria to carry out photosynthesis

Front 9

Thylakoid membrane system

Back 9

Extensive folding and invagination of the plasma membrane found in photosynthetic bacteria

Front 10

Peptidoglycan

Back 10

Complex molecule of sugars and amino acids that make up the cell wall of some bacteria

Front 11

Phycobilins

Back 11

Blue or red pigments that are used by photosynthetic bacteria to carry out photosynthesis

Front 12

Thylakoid membrane system

Back 12

Extensive folding and invagination of the plasma membrane found in photosynthetic bacteria

Front 13

Peptidoglycan

Back 13

Complex molecule of sugars and amino acids that make up the cell wall of some bacteria

Front 14

Gram-negative bacteria

Back 14

Bacteria have less peptidoglycan in their cell wall and retain very little Grams's stain in the cell wall

Front 15

Phycobilins

Back 15

Blue or red pigments that are used by photosynthetic bacteria to carry out photosynthesis

Front 16

Thylakoid membrane system

Back 16

Extensive folding and invagination of the plasma membrane found in photosynthetic bacteria

Front 17

Peptidoglycan

Back 17

Complex molecule of sugars and amino acids that make up the cell wall of some bacteria

Front 18

Gram-negative bacteria

Back 18

Bacteria have less peptidoglycan in their cell wall and retain very little Grams's stain in the cell wall

Front 19

Slimy polysaccharide coating

Back 19

(Capsule,mucilage, or slime sheath) Found outside of the cell wall of many bacteria; responsible for providing buoyancy, obtaining nutrients from water, and resisting phagocytosis by organisms that may eat them

Front 20

Phagocytosis

Back 20

A type of endocytosis in which large particulates or small organisms are taken up by a cell; often refers to as "cell eating"

Front 21

Biofilms

Back 21

Many bacteria use their slimy polysaccharide coating to glue themselves to other organisms, soil, and solid surfaces

Front 22

Binary fission

Back 22

Cell division process used by bacteria; the bacterial chromosome is duplicated as the cell grows in size

Front 23

Septum

Back 23

Near the end of binary fission, the cell wall and cell membrane of a bacterium begin to grow inword, forming a partition to separate the two new bacterial cells

Front 24

Heterocysts

Back 24

Specialized cells found in nitrogen fixing bacteria that are used to carry out nitrogen fixation

Front 25

Chlorophyll a

Back 25

A type of green pigment used by all photosynthetic organisms

Front 26

Chlorophyll a

Back 26

A type of green pigment used by all photosynthetic organisms

Front 27

Chlorophyll b

Back 27

A type of green pigment used by all plants and some algae

Front 28

Carotenoids

Back 28

Yellow and orange pigments that are used for photosynthesis

Front 29

Primary endosymbiosis

Back 29

Capture of cyanobacteria by heterotrophic host cells and the formation of endosymbiotic relationships between the two

Front 30

Pyrenoids

Back 30

Structures responsible for starch production and storage

Front 31

Fragmentation

Back 31

Type of asexual reproduction by breaking up of existing filaments to produce new individuals

Front 32

Conjugation

Back 32

Type of sexual reproduction when two algal filaments pair up and form tubes or connections between their cells allowing adjacent cells to fuse together to form a zygote's

Front 33

Thallus

Back 33

Flat and undifferentiated body found mostly in algae and some early land plants

Front 34

Thallus

Back 34

Flat and undifferentiated body found mostly in algae and some early land plants

Front 35

Crustose

Back 35

Type of lichen growth form that looks like brightly colored crusty patches; usually found tightly attached to tree branches or rocks

Front 36

Foliose

Back 36

Type of lichen growth form that looks like flight leaves; usually weakly attached to the substrate

Front 37

Fruticose

Back 37

Type of lichen growth form that resembles miniature shrubs

Front 38

Phycoerythrin

Back 38

Red pigment used by red algae and photosynthetic bacteria for photosynthesis

Front 39

Phycocyanin

Back 39

Blue pigment used by red algae and photosynthetic materials for photosynthesis

Front 40

Floridean starch

Back 40

Polysaccharide similar to glycogen that is used by some algae to store food

Front 41

Agar

Back 41

Thick, sticky polysaccharide found in the cell wall of some red algae

Front 42

Carrageenan

Back 42

Thick, sticky polysaccharide found in the cell wall of some red algae

Front 43

Chlorophyll c

Back 43

A type of green pigment used by some algae

Front 44

Fucoxanthin

Back 44

Brown photosynthetic pigment found in brown algae

Front 45

Secondary endosymbiosis

Back 45

Refer to the capture of green or red algae by eukaryotic protist hosts and retention of the algal plastids in the host cells

Front 46

Laminarin

Back 46

Type of carbohydrates used by brown algae to store food

Front 47

Algin or alginic acid

Back 47

Type of carbohydrate found in the cell wall of brown algae

Front 48

Silica

Back 48

Glass like material that makes up the shells of diatoms

Front 49

Diatomaceous earth

Back 49

Deposits formed by accumulating dead diatoms

Front 50

Diatomaceous earth

Back 50

Deposits formed by accumulating dead diatoms

Front 51

Cellulose plates

Back 51

Found underneath the plasma membrane of dinoflagellates

Front 52

Starch

Back 52

Very large polysaccharide made up of glucose molecules and is the primarily storage molecules in plants and some algae

Front 53

Zooxanthellae

Back 53

Dinoflagellate that lives inside another organism and have lost their cellulose plates, and flagella

Front 54

Pellicle

Back 54

Fine parallel strips underneath the plasma membrane that spiral around the cell of euglenoids, providing a flexible cover

Front 55

Eyespot

Back 55

Found near the base of the flagellum of euglenoids; responsible for light detection

Front 56

Paramylon

Back 56

Type of polysaccharides used by euglenoids to store food

Front 57

Gullet or groove

Back 57

Euglenoids use this groove to ingest food