Chapter 15

Front 1

Peace of Augsburg

Back 1

Ended the Schmaldik Wars, brought peace to the Holy Roman Emperor

Front 2

Frederick the Elector of Palatine

Back 2

Leader of the Protestant Union

Front 3

Catholic League

Back 3

Forces loyal to the emperor

Front 4

Ferdinand

Back 4

Tried to reestablish Catholicism in Bohemia, became the Emperor of the HRE

Front 5

Bohemia

Back 5

Hapsburg principality, mostly Calvinist, where the 30 years war began

Front 6

Maximilian

Back 6

King of Bavaria, leader of Catholic forces

Front 7

Denmark

Back 7

Lutheran state, became involved in the war

Front 8

Wallestine

Back 8

Mercenary general. Led the forces of the Catholics. Later assassinated.

Front 9

County Tilly

Back 9

Unsuccessfully led the Catholic forces

Front 10

Edict of Restitution

Back 10

Ferdinand officially establishes Catholicism as the sole religion of Europe

Front 11

Gustavus Adolphus

Back 11

King of Sweden. involved in the war on the Protestant side. revolutionized warfare. killed in battle.

Front 12

France

Back 12

Involved in the war on the Protestant side against the Habsburgs

Front 13

Treaty of Westphalia

Back 13

And conflicts. Establish national boundaries and international relations. Protestantism established.

Front 14

Bossuet

Back 14

Developed the theory of divine right

Front 15

Louis XIV

Back 15

Sun King, the example of an absolute monarch King of France from 1643 to 1715

Front 16

Richelieu

Back 16

Chief minister of Louis XIII, help to establish absolute monarchy

Front 17

Louis XIII

Back 17

King of France, develop an absolute monarchy

Front 18

Intendants

Back 18

Royal officials

Front 19

Mazarin

Back 19

Chief Minister of Louis XIV

Front 20

Fronde

Back 20

Rebellion of Nobles against Louis XIV

Front 21

Versailles

Back 21

New royal palace of the french kings

Front 22

Philip V

Back 22

King of Spain, attempted to revitalize Spanish power through reform

Front 23

Frederick William the Great Elector

Back 23

Responsible for the establishment of Brandenburg-Prussia as a great power, especially military power

Front 24

General War Commissariat

Back 24

Organized to levy taxes for the military

Front 25

Frederick III

Back 25

Responsible for aiding the Holy Roman Empire in the War of the Spanish Succession, becomes Frederick I King of Prussia.

Front 26

Leopold I

Back 26

Led the eastward expansion of the Austrian Empire

Front 27

Ivan IV

Back 27

"The Terrible" first Czar, expanded the territory of Moscow

Front 28

Romanov

Back 28

Royal dynasty of Russia

Front 29

Peter the Great

Back 29

Establish modern Russia into a major European power

Front 30

Great Northern War

Back 30

War between Sweden and Russia for the supremacy in the Baltic Sea region

Front 31

Charles XI

Back 31

Built an absolute monarchy in Sweden

Front 32

Constantinople 1453

Back 32

Ottoman Turks conquered and renamed the city as Istanbul

Front 33

Suleiman I

Back 33

Sultan of Turkey, led an invasion of Central Europe. Ottoman power at its height

Front 34

Leopanto

Back 34

Naval defeat for the Turks by the Spanish Italian Navy

Front 35

Janissaries

Back 35

Elite of the Turkish army, usually composed of Christian boys taken from their parents

Front 36

Poland-Lithuania

Back 36

Large eastern European state

Front 37

Sejm

Back 37

Polish parliament

Front 38

United Provinces

Back 38

The Dutch Republic (diet)

Front 39

House of Orange

Back 39

Powerful house/family in the Dutch Republic

Front 40

William III

Back 40

Leader of Dutch Republic-monarch

Front 41

Amsterdam

Back 41

Baking center of Europe, major port

Front 42

Stock exchange

Back 42

Created to assist in the buying/selling of company stock

Front 43

Roundheads

Back 43

Supporters of Parliament

Front 44

Cavaliers

Back 44

Supporters of the king

Front 45

James I

Back 45

Stuart king of England, believes in Divine Right

Front 46

Gentry

Back 46

Landed nobles, wealthy middle class, some where members of Parliament

Front 47

Charles I

Back 47

King of England during the civil war

Front 48

Petition of Rights

Back 48

Parliament's attempt to limit the King's power. Early version of the Bill of Rights

Front 49

Archbishop Laud

Back 49

Anglican leader, tried to force a Book of Common Prayer on all English subjects

Front 50

Long Parliament

Back 50

Took steps to try and limit the power of the King. Technically in session from 1640-1660

Front 51

Triennial Act

Back 51

Parliament could meet at least once every three years with or without the consent of the monarch

Front 52

John Pym

Back 52

Leader of the Puritans in Parliament, reacted to the attempt arrest of members by the king that led to civil war

Front 53

New Model Army

Back 53

Led by Oliver Cromwell, parlamentary army

Front 54

Rump Parliament

Back 54

Small fraction of Parliament that tried and executed the king

Front 55

Oliver Cromwell

Back 55

Became the leader of England after the King's execution

Front 56

Lord Protector/Commonwealth

Back 56

England without a monarch

Front 57

Charles II/Restoration

Back 57

Son of Charles I brought back as the King of England

Front 58

James II

Back 58

A Catholic King of England, appointed Catholics to high offices

Front 59

Test Act

Back 59

Prohibited Catholics from important positions

Front 60

Bill of Rights

Back 60

1689 the right of Parliament to pass laws and levy taxes without the opposition of the monarchy

Front 61

William and Mary

Back 61

Invited by Parliament to become king and queen of England. Mary was a Stuart, William house of Orange

Front 62

Hobbes

Back 62

Absolutism, Levithan

Front 63

Locke

Back 63

Inalienable natural rights, life, liberty and property