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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organization of brain tissue
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1. Gray Matter
2. White Matter |
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Gray Matter
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Mostly neuronal cell bodies & unmyelinated axons
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White Matter
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Myelinated axons of neurons
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In the CNS a group of axons is called a?
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Tract
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In the CNS a group of neuronal cell bodies is called a?
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Nucleus
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What are the 3 meninges?
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1. Dura
2. Arachnoid 3. Pia mater |
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Describe the dura
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* outermost, toughest
* really 2 layers |
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In some places the 2 layers of the dura can separate to make?
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Sinuses
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What kind of sinuses can the dura make?
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Venous sinuses which collect blood and return it to the heart.
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The lower layers of the dura can meet & form?
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Dura Septa
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What is the falx cerebri an example of?
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Dura Septa
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What does the Arachnoid layer look like?
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Spiderweb
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What do protein fibers do for the Arachnoid layer?
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Give it elasticity
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What is the Pia mater?
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a delicated membrane that follows the contours of the brain
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What is the subarachnoid space filled with?
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Cerebralspinalfluid
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Ventricles of the brain
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1. Lateral Ventricles
2. Third ventricle 3. Fourth ventricle |
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Where are the Lateral Ventricles located?
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one in each cerebral hemisphere.
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Where is the third ventricle located?
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Within the diencephalon
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Where is the Fourth Ventricle located?
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In the brainstem
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What are the ventricles continuous with?
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Each other and with the central canal of the spinal cord.
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What is CSF made by?
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Ependymal cells in ventricles
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What does CSF do?
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*It bathes, surrounds the brain & fills the ventricles
*provides buoyancy *is replenished quickly |
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What are the 4 main parts of the brain?
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1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon 3. Brainstem 4. Cerebellum |
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What is the Cerebrum?
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Where higher cognitive functions occur.
(language, logic, musical ability) |
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What are the 2 hemispheres of the Cerebrum separated by?
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Logitudinal fissure
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Ridges=
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Gyri (Gyrus)
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Valley's=
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Sulci (sulcus)
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What are the 5 lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
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1. Frontal
2. Parietal 3. Occipital 4. Temporal 5. Insula |
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What does the Primary motor cortex do?
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Sends somatic motor commands
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What does the Primary somatosensory cortex do?
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Recieves info from body
ex: touch, pain, pressure |
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What does the Primary visual cortex do?
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Receives visual info from eyes via thalamus
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Cerebral nuclei
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-Gray matter
-some somatic motor functions & emotional functions |
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What do Commissural tracts do?
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Connect R and L hemispheres to each other
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What do Association tracts do?
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Connect different regions within one hemisphere
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What do Projection tracts do?
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Connect Cerebrum to lower brain areas or spinal cord
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What are the 3 parts of the diencephalon?
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1. Epithalamus
2. Thalamus 3. Hypothalamus |
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What does the Epithalamus include?
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Pineal gland
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What is the Thalamus?
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Paired structure with many nuclei
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What is the Thalamus a relay for?
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* Sensory info coming in to cortex.
- including visual, auditory, somatosensory |
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What does the Hypothalamus do?
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Makes high leveled decisions in the autonomic nervous system & endocrine system.
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What are the 3 parts of the Brainstem?
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1. Mesencephalon
2. Pons 3. Medulla Oblongata |
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Whatare the general functions of the brainstem?
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- Many sensory and motor functions
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What does the Mesencephalon do?
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Posture & eye movement control
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What is the pons responsible for?
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Breathing
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What does the medulla oblongata do?
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Breathing, heartrate, sneezing, and many other ANS functions.
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Where is the Cerebellum located?
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Posterior to brainstem & inferior to occipital lobe
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What does the Cerebellum do?
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Fine tunes somatic motor commands or primary motor cortex
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How many Cranial Nerves are there?
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12 cranial nerves
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Cranial Nerve # 1?
What is function? Sensory or Motor? |
* Olfactory
-Function: Olfaction -Sensory |
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Cranial Nerve #2
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* Optic
-Function:Vision -Sensory |
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Cranial Nerve #3
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* Oculomotor
-Function: Eye movements -Motor |
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Cranial Nerve #4
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* Trochlear
-Function: Eye movements -Motor -Controls superior oblique muscle |
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Cranial Nerve #5
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* Trigeminal (both)
-Sensory: Mouth & face -Motor: Chewing |
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Cranial Nerve #6
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* Abducens
-Function:Eye movements -Motor |
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Cranial Nerve #7
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* Facial (both)
-Sensory: Taste -Motor: Facial expression |
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Cranial Nerve #8
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* Vestibulocochlear
-Function: Hearing -Sensory |
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Cranial Nerve #9
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* Glossopharyngeal (both)
-Sensory: Taste -Motor: Salivation |
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Cranial Nerve #10
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* Vagus (both)
-Sensory & Motor -Mostly visceral |
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Cranial Nerve #11
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* Accessory
-Function:Trapezius & sternocleidomastoid muscles -Motor |
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Cranial Nerve #12
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* Hypoglossal
-Function:Tongue muscles -Motor |